接口测试——python接口开发（二）

落日映苍穹つ 2024-03-23 19:02 54阅读 0赞

**目录**

1. python接口开发框架Flask简介与安装

2. 使用Flask开发一个Get接口

3. 使用Flask开发一个Post接口

4. Flask结合PyMySQL接口与数据库的交互

--------------------

### 1. python接口开发框架Flask简介与安装 ###

###  ###

### ![805b99ee1e7d40b5824a7f7a14c7aaea.png][] ###

*  Flask接口测试框架的简介与安装
 *  Flask是轻量级的web开发框架
 *  相比于其他框架，Flask更自由，灵活
 *  相比于其他框架，Flask更容易上手

**Flask安装网址：[Flask 中文网][Flask]**

*  **安装Flask：pip install Flask**

![592c54521bfd46aeac16f32515908036.png][]

### 2. 使用Flask开发一个Get接口 ###

*  开发get接口

from flask import Flask
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/")
    def hello_world():
        return "hello world qqqqqq"
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run()

*  输入以上代码得出以此后的链接：[http://127.0.0.1:5000][http_127.0.0.1_5000]

![cad987bd392347c3af51f00bdf912013.png][]

*  如果想连续网址后面的参数，那就在写代码时添加/hello后，再打开原有的网址后添加/hello，再重启![0d5bed0cc3124fcc9daf5915771b96a6.png][]

[http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello][http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello]

![f7c4949437fc44659c80870bc162df24.png][]

*  如果只是在网址后随意输入任意参数结果是无法接收到的

![9e1acb8044004fdc96cabca6da1a64d7.png][]

*  以下解决方法：

from flask import Flask
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/")
    def hello_world():
        return "hello world qqqqqq"
    
    @app.route("/hello")
    def hello_world2():
        return "hello22222"
    
    @app.route("/hello/<username>")
    def hello_world3(username):
        print(username)
        return "hello22222"  + username
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run()

*  重启之后打开：[http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/aaa][http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello_aaa]

![25ec07343bfc4eb1bbd3e62c8c8af7fb.png][]

*  并在python里打印出了aaa
    
    ![906c2c7b38ac4b58976da7d803c5e888.png][]
 *  路径不能一样，否则打印结果一样
    
    ![0fb46eeee1454f5a9644a1d04a257c21.png][]
 *  以下代码修改路径之后再重启

from flask import Flask,request
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/")
    def hello_world():
        return "hello world qqqqqq"
    
    @app.route("/hello")
    def hello_world2():
        return "hello22222"
    
    @app.route("/hello/<username>")
    def hello_world3(username):
        print(username)
        return "hello22222"  + username
    
    @app.route("/hello/args/<username>")
    def hello_world4(username):
        print(username)
        key = request.args.get("key")
        print(key)
        return "hello22222"  + username + "::::" + key
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run()

*  重启之后打开：[http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/args/aaa?key=qqqqqq][http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello_args_aaa_key_qqqqqq]

![007d970ae5c044769db68c70358d0359.png][]

*  并在python里打印出了aaa和qqqqqq![57e97bcd350d44f6bae09f6a2e0e1664.png][]
 *  如果想在网址后方添加value以下代码

from flask import Flask,request
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/")
    def hello_world():
        return "hello world qqqqqq"
    
    @app.route("/hello")
    def hello_world2():
        return "hello22222"
    
    @app.route("/hello/<username>")
    def hello_world3(username):
        print(username)
        return "hello22222"  + username
    
    @app.route("/hello/args/<username>")
    def hello_world4(username):
        print(username)
        key = request.args.get("key")
        value = request.args.get("value")
        print(key)
        return "hello22222"  + username + "::::" + key + "::::" + value
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run()

*  重启之后打开http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/args/aaa?key=qqqqqq&value=vvvvv

![3f9c9f2c36d746afbc233b3abd9a4949.png][]

*  并在python里打印出了aaa和qqqqqq和vvvvv![3669a3affe154fc3b48cccccef11e693.png][]

### 3. 使用Flask开发一个Post接口 ###

*  端口号可以在这里修改![4d828984ce9b43a5828e3d0cf44b8a95.png][]
 *  开发post接口

from flask import Flask,request
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/mypost",methods=["post"])
    def my_post():
        return "post request"
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run(port=5555)

*  如果直接打开这个链接是无法访问的http://127.0.0.1:5555/mypost

![f2ee353c92c34a0180797bfaa8128bbb.png][]

*  修改后的代码：

from flask import Flask,request
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    
    
    
    @app.route("/mypost",methods=["post"])
    def my_post():
        return "post request"
    
    @app.route("/mypost1",methods=["post"])
    def my_post1():
        # 表单数据类型
        username =request.form["username"]
        sex = request.form["sex"]
        print(username)
        print(sex)
        return "post request" + username + "::" + sex
    
    
    
    
    @app.route("/mypost1",methods=["post"])
    def my_post2():
        # json数据类型
        request_data =request.get_json()
        sex = request.form["sex"]
        print(request_data)
        print(request_data["user"])
        return "post request" + str(request_data)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run(port=5555)

### 4. Flask结合PyMySQL接口与数据库的交互 ###

[Installation — PyMySQL 0.7.2 documentation][Installation _ PyMySQL 0.7.2 documentation]

![d4e157bf9cdc41dfafd31bfc6522291e.png][]

*  这时我们需要打开python下方Terminal
    
    ![811c4c71b094498193e4a0230b849c09.png][]
 *  输入exit（）回车后弹出输入页面
 *  输入：pip install PyMySQL
    
    ![380977d4d4fe4732a6d63bd8d1ca730b.png][]
 *  mysql的基本连接信息

import pymysql
    from flask import Flask
    
    # 这里是mysql的基本连接信息
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host="192.168.1.116",
        user="root",
        password="123",
        database="nydb1",
        charset="utf8"
    )
    
    
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route("/")
    def hello_world():
    
        sel = "select * from school"
        result = cursor.execute(sql)
        # 得到查询后的真正的结果
        r = cursor.fetchall()
        print(r)
        return str(r)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run()

*  刷新http://127.0.0.1:5000 后查询到的四条信息v：

![80b75bb4eef84903ac6dfb680caf12e4.png][]

![27e4773e87ab47188c2cbd744dcf6fa4.png][]

--------------------

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![c1653dd19f35495583cef3678b57b6b0.png][]

![775632765b6744fbbecbd8fdd097d1ab.png][]

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[805b99ee1e7d40b5824a7f7a14c7aaea.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/776b08a82967440fac27a6e1a57f03fe.png
[Flask]: https://flask.net.cn/
[592c54521bfd46aeac16f32515908036.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/ff4e2aced6454ad99dbf5f8a68a75633.png
[http_127.0.0.1_5000]: http://127.0.0.1:5000/
[cad987bd392347c3af51f00bdf912013.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/c097545b59e6411ca547b2917fcbe5a1.png
[0d5bed0cc3124fcc9daf5915771b96a6.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/0ce7ace78b1849eb99e59a72f1dcb1f8.png
[http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello]: http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello
[f7c4949437fc44659c80870bc162df24.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/6f5c376f8f5f447c808e81e6fb509d11.png
[9e1acb8044004fdc96cabca6da1a64d7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/b702ed62b26b4fb399aa6c484ca57339.png
[http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello_aaa]: http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/aaa
[25ec07343bfc4eb1bbd3e62c8c8af7fb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/574a0fba7efa4ffa864ebcc8403704ee.png
[906c2c7b38ac4b58976da7d803c5e888.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/243d53a80b6f45fdabbf80ed3a86bcb9.png
[0fb46eeee1454f5a9644a1d04a257c21.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/42d8e530fa9a43fdbdbdb97241d652b9.png
[http_127.0.0.1_5000_hello_args_aaa_key_qqqqqq]: http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/args/aaa?key=qqqqqq
[007d970ae5c044769db68c70358d0359.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/1aa560dc38294218bd34a993c748f66f.png
[57e97bcd350d44f6bae09f6a2e0e1664.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/cf5df61a57784d4ba542f46765ce23e9.png
[3f9c9f2c36d746afbc233b3abd9a4949.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/597f15ffa5634808b1488b7d9cc4924e.png
[3669a3affe154fc3b48cccccef11e693.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/5c4d9e7f0ad84ca9a8470a486f965041.png
[4d828984ce9b43a5828e3d0cf44b8a95.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/d393a5504ae6413394430928f2e9190c.png
[f2ee353c92c34a0180797bfaa8128bbb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/cfa580d35f944666a1bebfc7b97031aa.png
[Installation _ PyMySQL 0.7.2 documentation]: https://pymysql.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/installation.html
[d4e157bf9cdc41dfafd31bfc6522291e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/be4bf2da1f62426bb20099d01fb1b5ca.png
[811c4c71b094498193e4a0230b849c09.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/19d58dd7c36f4339aba37e3e8d9d1009.png
[380977d4d4fe4732a6d63bd8d1ca730b.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/05146aeed9bc41bbae26f3bd79717e24.png
[80b75bb4eef84903ac6dfb680caf12e4.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/cf2485cce65940969c7abf0d2f2090bf.png
[27e4773e87ab47188c2cbd744dcf6fa4.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/417283385ddc4d77afe4ec54c7fdbc11.png
[c1653dd19f35495583cef3678b57b6b0.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/2161260e85234fe1937724b3f4684b94.png
[775632765b6744fbbecbd8fdd097d1ab.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/c2a5cd7f1fda4b9782283d2407e1c39a.png