【JavaEE案例】Spring MVC入门程序

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2024-03-22 16:16 74阅读 0赞

【案例介绍】

Spring MVC入门程序：该程序要求在浏览器发起请求，由Spring MVC接收请求并响应。

![403358efea7f4324bb3b9c926f194abe.png][]

![46c0a06187684785b0debd085a77e3ab.png][]

【案例实现】

![b2f01eca4300431c851000b65b4cbe59.png][]

1.利用Maven创建一个Web应用

![307b1bef34bd47ab9270bf9db59228fb.png][]

2.引入相关依赖**pom.xml**

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
        <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.13.2</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.16</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.16</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.16</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>4.0.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.3</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>
        </build>
    </project>

3.配置web运行的Tomcat服务器

[参考 1.配置Web运行的Tomcat服务器和2.Tomcat:HTTP状态404][1._Web_Tomcat_2.Tomcat_HTTP_404]

4.配置前端控制器**web.xml**：Spring MVC通过前端控制器拦截客户端的请求并进行转发

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
            "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
            "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
    
    <web-app>
        <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
        
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>
                org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
            </servlet-class>
            
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>

5.配置处理器映射信息和视图解析器 **spring-mvc.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>

6.创建处理器**HelloController.java**：用于处理客户端的请求并指定响应时跳转的页面

package com.itheima.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String sayHello() {
            System.out.println("Welcome to my first Spring MVC application.");
            return "/WEB-INF/success.jsp";
        }
    }

7.创建视图页面**success.jsp**：用于对客户端请求进行处理后的视图进行展示

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello Spring MVC Application</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h2>Spring MVC Hello Controller</h2>
    </body>
    </html>

**index.jsp**

<html>
    <body>
    <h2>Hello World!</h2>
    </body>
    </html>

[403358efea7f4324bb3b9c926f194abe.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/22/b935ec18c6e84cae92aaa8723b791006.png
[46c0a06187684785b0debd085a77e3ab.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/22/21c9cfb35a0046b3b50a6340af0d8824.png
[b2f01eca4300431c851000b65b4cbe59.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/22/a06dcc5fc770489ab5cdb6f90067d955.png
[307b1bef34bd47ab9270bf9db59228fb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/22/8d047a406a054737906cd57a3b79b69d.png
[1._Web_Tomcat_2.Tomcat_HTTP_404]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_66697650/article/details/130657403?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501