【MySQL】在CentOS 7.x上离线安装MySQL 8.0过程

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2024-03-22 14:44 66阅读 0赞

> 遇到客户环境是内网，无法通过yum 方式安装 MySQL 8.0，只能离线安装， 现在把离线安装安装过程记录如下：  
> 系统： CentOS 7.9  
> MySQL ： 8.0

1.  添加mysql的用户和组,增加sudo权限

groupadd mysql
    useradd -r -g mysql mysql

#修改sudoers配置文件权限
    chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
    vim /etc/sudoers

添加如下代码

mysql  ALL=(ALL)   NOPASSWD:ALL

#撤销sudoers配置文件权限
    chmod u-w /etc/sudoers

1.  切换到mysql 用户

su mysql

1.  下载mysql的安装文件

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar

1.  解压文件并重命名文件名

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar 
    tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
    mv mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64 mysql-8.0.33

1.  创建数据目录

cd mysql-8.0.33
    mkdir data
    chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33
    chmod -R 755 /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33

1.  初始化MySQL

cd /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/bin
    ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/data --basedir=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33

会出现如下的日志信息，请记录如下信息中的root口令(不操作)

2023-05-09T06:32:38.801986Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 24540
    2023-05-09T06:32:38.816291Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
    2023-05-09T06:32:39.293496Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
    2023-05-09T06:32:41.338754Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !F&RzOVse8qM

1.  配置参数文件

sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

添加如下内容

[client]
    port = 8306
    socket = /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/data/mysql.sock
    default-character-set = utf8mb4
    
    [mysql]  
    default-character-set = utf8mb4
    
    [mysqld]  
    character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
    character-set-server = utf8mb4
    collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
    init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
    
    port = 8306
    socket = /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/data/mysql.sock
    skip-external-locking
    key_buffer_size = 16M
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    table_open_cache = 64
    sort_buffer_size = 512K
    net_buffer_length = 8K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
    datadir = /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/data
    lower_case_table_names=1
    
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 20M
    sort_buffer_size = 20M
    read_buffer = 2M
    write_buffer = 2M
    
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout

1.  修改启动文件

vi /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server

给文件中basedir和datadir赋值(初始脚本赋的空值)

basedir=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33
    datadir=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/data

1.  启动mysql服务

/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server start

1.  设置软连接，并重启MySQL

sudo ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    sudo ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
    sudo ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/mysql.sock /var/mysql.sock
    sudo service mysql restart

1.  登录并更改密码

mysql -uroot -p
    
    alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

1.  开放远程连接

use mysql;
    update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
    flush privileges;    //刷新权限

1.  安装完成，使用navicat测试连接mysql