linux系统(redhat7)无人值守自动化安装

淩亂°似流年 2024-03-17 11:00 51阅读 0赞

**一、环境：**

\#Author:WangKeZhen

\#mail:2797847480@qq.com

请以root用户身份执行

环境：尽量配置两个网卡，虚拟机能联网， ![aec08ae3727a49ebbe3f2679bf347e6f.png][]

**二、安装dhcp，tftp ，httpd服务器，kickstart文件的图形化工具**

#########################################
    ##                        配置yum源
    ##
    ########################################
    mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
    rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
    touch /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
    cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo << EOF
    [rhel-source]
    name=Red Hat Enterprise
    baseurl=file:///mnt                     
    enabled=1          
    gpgcheck=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
    EOF
    ###########################################

yum install -y dhcp tftp-server syslinux httpd system-config-kickstart

**三、配置dhcp**

[root@jtxy ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    #
    # DHCP Server Configuration file.
    #   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
    #   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
    #
    subnet 192.168.177.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
      range 192.168.177.30 192.168.177.60;
      option domain-name-servers 192.168.177.6;
      option domain-name "jtxy.com";
      option routers 192.168.0.1;
      option broadcast-address 192.168.177.255;
      default-lease-time 3600;
      max-lease-time 7200;
      next-server 192.168.177.6;     #指定到此机器上下载文件pxelinux.0
      filename "/pxelinux.0";      #此文件是二进制文件，内容是找到启动配置文件isolinux.cfg
    }

systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    netstat -antup | grep dhcpd    #查看端口是否已启动

**四、配置tftp，开启tftp功能**

xinetd是守护进程

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  #xinetd是守护进程
    disable = no
    
    systemctl restart tftp
    cat /etc/services | grep tftp
    netstat -anplut | grep  :69 #查看tftp是否开启端口

cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
    # default: off
    # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
    #	protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
    #	workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
    #	and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
    service tftp
    {
    	socket_type		= dgram
    	protocol		= udp
    	wait			= yes
    	user			= root
    	server			= /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
    	server_args		= -s /var/lib/tftpboot  #tftp将此目录下的文件共享出去
    	disable			= no
    	per_source		= 11
    	cps			= 100 2
    	flags			= IPv4
    }

tftp将/var/lib/tftpboot目录下的文件共享出去

PXE(Pre-boot Execution Environment，预启动执行环境)PXE 是一种协议，可以通过网络\#引导操作系统，而不需要在本地磁盘中安装操作系统。

pxelinux.cfg 目录包含了管理 PXELINUX 配置文件的基本信息

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
    cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
    mkdir /mnt/cdrom
    mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

安装时所需要的光盘文件

cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
    cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
    chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

**五、配置启动文件**

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux \#找到linux选项，进行编辑，其他的都不要修改

timeout 600

label linux

menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.177.6/ks.cfg inst.repo=http://192.168.177.6/cdrom quiet

\#ks：指定安装过程的配置选项 inst.repo：指定安装光盘的位置

**六、配置kickstart**

1、将光盘挂载到网站目录下

mkdir /var/www/html/cdrom
    mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/cdrom
    systemctl restart httpd
    #测试：通过http访问光盘
    firefox 192.168.177.7/cdrom

2.配置kickstart文件

Kickstart 是一种自动化安装 Red Hat 系统的方法，类似于 Windows 中的自动化安装和 \#Linux 中的预配置和自动化脚本

Kickstart 配置主要由一个文本文件组成，通常被称为 ks.cfg 文件，其中包含了安装过程所需要的所有信息，如分区、用户、软件包、网络配置等等。安装程序可在启动时自动读取此文件，然后按照其中指定的配置选项和参数来执行自动化安装

system-config-kickstart

![0ac0f72e05504cdc9399e9361412e2bf.png][]

![ac955388d96b49f79c6b7c29eea2fa8e.png][]

![2017a4c25051495181d1e5e2205932e0.png][]![7c9f6b8916b940ae84559f2734661a7e.png][]

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![9c3b3d81e6af4defb6d9b84c70765ca0.png][]

![c6abcc6a317942008849421f6f302c92.png][]

保存到/var/www/html/ks.cfg

3.完善ks.cfg文件

vim /var/www/html/ks.cfg

%packages

@^graphical-server-environment

@base

@core

@desktop-debugging

@dial-up

@fonts

@gnome-desktop

@guest-agents

@guest-desktop-agents

@hardware-monitoring

@input-methods

@internet-browser

@kde-desktop

@multimedia

@print-client

@x11

kexec-tools

%end

![8fb3a383c1734d979806a4e17bf131c2.png][]

systemctl restart httpd.service

**七、新建虚拟机测试，开机能自动安装系统说明成功**

![490b0ae6fee8458c9722b02233d8f68d.png][]

![1bffa64c0b5b4ef484b563a6d9595afe.png][]

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