通过java方式获取微信用户openId

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2024-03-16 22:15 64阅读 0赞

## 通过java方式获取微信用户openId ##

### 0.先熟悉微信网页授权流程 ###

[https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/OA\_Web\_Apps/Wechat\_webpage\_authorization.html][https_developers.weixin.qq.com_doc_offiaccount_OA_Web_Apps_Wechat_webpage_authorization.html]

### 1.内网穿透 ###

目的：使本地的服务能在微信客户端进行访问

#### 1.购买隧道 ####

[https://natapp.cn/tunnel/buy][https_natapp.cn_tunnel_buy]  
![在这里插入图片描述][77378a402e5a4979a36760cdd40eb371.png]

#### 2.进行配置 ####

配置域名，ip和端口。在这里配本地可以访问的服务的ip和端口。

![在这里插入图片描述][dacebd615cb3411eaee9bb91296f7334.png]

#### 3 下载客户端 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][77e35090663c40a4809f9dafe5a1dd9c.png]

#### 3 打开命令行在客户端同级目录执行：natapp -authtoken=xxxxxxxxxx,使隧道服务上线 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][bc620332fccd4c8cb1f54917fa687e42.png]![在这里插入图片描述][2fe0268f47934dba83cb92b6565ce49d.png]

### 2.注册微信公众平台测试账号 ###

#### 1.进入系统注册测试账号 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][6322ccd6b1c044a998d0340c3f630dc1.png]

#### 2.扫码关注 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][0c924dea6b4a4d7b92caaa15f07053b6.png]

#### 3.绑定域名 ####

![1c4b64b21cc04b219de3962ad6d53bc2.png][]  
填写上一步绑定的域名  
![在这里插入图片描述][3151a4e8ed74410ba77a3b9b5ed66e4a.png]  
到这里就可以实现在微信端对本地服务进行调用

### 3.代码实现 ###

@RequestMapping("/getCodeAndOpenId")
        public WxInfo getCodeAndOpenId(@RequestParam("code") String code) {
        
            log.info("==> 先获取code,再获取openid 。code={}", code);
            Map params = new HashMap();
            params.put("appid", "wxb00b277049d87059");
            params.put("secret", "4f407849f4b50854ff6fbec3cc3d28a6");
            params.put("grant_type", "authorization_code");
            params.put("code", code);
            String result = HttpGetUtil.httpRequestToString(
                    "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params);
            WxInfo wxInfo = new WxInfo();
            if (result != null) {
        
                JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
                String openid = jsonObject.get("openid").toString();
                log.info("==> 获取的 openid={}", openid);
    
                wxInfo.setCode(code);
                wxInfo.setOpenid(openid);
            }
            return wxInfo;
        }

说明：用户在微信端点击链接：  
[https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?redirect\_uri=http://niki.nat300.top/getCodeAndOpenId&appid=wxb00b277049d87059&response\_type=code&scope=snsapi\_base&state=1\#wechat\_redirect][https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_redirect_uri_http_niki.nat300.top_getCodeAndOpenId_appid_wxb00b277049d87059_response_type_code_scope_snsapi_base_state_1_wechat_redirect]  
后，会携带code跳转到 [http://niki.nat300.top/getCodeAndOpenId][http_niki.nat300.top_getCodeAndOpenId],即执行getCodeAndOpenId方法  
这个方法会根据code去获取openid

### 3.在微信端访问授权页面 ###

在微信端任意一个窗口打开  
![在这里插入图片描述][8366612e920b4b0ba3e28ae281950a4c.jpeg]

### 4.返回结果 ###

微信页面上返回了openid  
![在这里插入图片描述][66915d7f7c6d46c5b56098d8ca401cc7.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][e186d9e57ee5426699f2843b6905d255.jpeg]

### 5.总结 ###

根据开发文档描述https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect\_uri=REDIRECT\_URI&response\_type=code&scope=SCOPE&state=STATE\#wechat\_redirect，在访问这个授权页面后，需要跳转到最终真是访问的页面，实际上不需要，只需要是一个方法就行，而如果这个方法正好是获取openid的，那么正好顺势获取code，只需要通过一个方法就能获得openid。

### 6.工具类 ###

public class HttpGetUtil {
        
    
        public static String httpRequestToString(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
        
            String result = null;
            try {
        
                InputStream is = httpRequestToStream(url, params);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,
                        "UTF-8"));
                StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
                String line = "";
                while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
        
                    buffer.append(line);
                }
                result = buffer.toString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
        
                return null;
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        private static InputStream httpRequestToStream(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
        
            InputStream is = null;
            try {
        
                if (!(params == null)) {
        
                    String parameters = "";
                    boolean hasParams = false;
                    for (String key : params.keySet()) {
        
                        String value = URLEncoder.encode(params.get(key), "UTF-8");
                        parameters += key + "=" + value + "&";
                        hasParams = true;
                    }
                    if (hasParams) {
        
                        parameters = parameters.substring(0, parameters.length() - 1);
                    }
    
                    url += "?" + parameters;
                }
    
    
                URL u = new URL(url);
                HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();
                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8");
                conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
                conn.setConnectTimeout(50000);
                conn.setReadTimeout(50000);
                conn.setDoInput(true);
                //设置请求方式，默认为GET
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    
                is = conn.getInputStream();
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return is;
        }
    }

#### 7.后续改进 ####

1.需要在中间(虚拟)页面判断访问渠道  
2.如果是微信则需要通过授权链接跳转到明细保存接口  
3.否则直接跳转到明细保存接口

@RequestMapping("/share/middle")
        public String middle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        
            String userAgent = request.getHeader("user-agent").toLowerCase();
            if (userAgent.indexOf("micromessenger") != -1) {
        
                log.info("==>用户访问的方式是微信渠道");
                response.sendRedirect("https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?redirect_uri=http://niki.nat300.top/saveAccessDetail&appid=wxb00b277049d87059&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=1#wechat_redirect");
            } else {
        
                log.info("==>用户访问的方式是其他渠道");
                response.sendRedirect("http://niki.nat300.top/saveAccessDetail?code=123");
            }
            return "";
        }

@RequestMapping("/saveAccessDetail")
        public WxInfo saveAccessDetail(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("code") String code) {
        
            String userAgent = request.getHeader("user-agent").toLowerCase();
            WxInfo wxInfo = new WxInfo();
    
            if (userAgent.indexOf("micromessenger") != -1) {
        
                log.info("==>用户访问的方式是微信");
    
    
                log.info("==> 先获取code,再获取openid 。code={}", code);
                Map params = new HashMap();
                params.put("appid", "wxb00b277049d87059");
                params.put("secret", "4f407849f4b50854ff6fbec3cc3d28a6");
                params.put("grant_type", "authorization_code");
                params.put("code", code);
                String result = HttpGetUtil.httpRequestToString(
                        "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params);
                if (result != null) {
        
                    JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
                    String openid = jsonObject.get("openid").toString();
                    log.info("==> 获取的 openid={}", openid);
    
                    wxInfo.setCode(code);
                    wxInfo.setOpenid(openid);
                }
            }
            log.info("==>执行存入redis操作");
            response.sendRedirect("https://www.apache.org/");
            log.info("==>跳转到最终实际访问的页面。。。。。。。。。。。。。。");
            return wxInfo;
        }

[https_developers.weixin.qq.com_doc_offiaccount_OA_Web_Apps_Wechat_webpage_authorization.html]: https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/OA_Web_Apps/Wechat_webpage_authorization.html
[https_natapp.cn_tunnel_buy]: https://natapp.cn/tunnel/buy
[77378a402e5a4979a36760cdd40eb371.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/2e904b33f9ca4659a83a50242a858cc4.png
[dacebd615cb3411eaee9bb91296f7334.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/66262d6fb3a74b7bafbbeb9d2a3a7955.png
[77e35090663c40a4809f9dafe5a1dd9c.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/5e089d21c47a442aaf7d448e65699996.png
[bc620332fccd4c8cb1f54917fa687e42.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/bc620332fccd4c8cb1f54917fa687e42.png
[2fe0268f47934dba83cb92b6565ce49d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/38bb6a259a3344babce8b52010af272b.png
[6322ccd6b1c044a998d0340c3f630dc1.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/3c8bbb359ca44381b952cdcf1810506c.png
[0c924dea6b4a4d7b92caaa15f07053b6.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/76bce503b99042d1a30004f3615138d0.png
[1c4b64b21cc04b219de3962ad6d53bc2.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/2dfc64e00c404329ab49f76b855fa33f.png
[3151a4e8ed74410ba77a3b9b5ed66e4a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/40e2932d0bf9413ea823d175fa94ae28.png
[https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_redirect_uri_http_niki.nat300.top_getCodeAndOpenId_appid_wxb00b277049d87059_response_type_code_scope_snsapi_base_state_1_wechat_redirect]: https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?redirect_uri=http://niki.nat300.top/getCodeAndOpenId&appid=wxb00b277049d87059&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=1#wechat_redirect
[http_niki.nat300.top_getCodeAndOpenId]: http://niki.nat300.top/getCodeAndOpenId
[8366612e920b4b0ba3e28ae281950a4c.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/5eef3ffb97e847e9a9c0da34a8907f72.png
[66915d7f7c6d46c5b56098d8ca401cc7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/5478e0ee5b6d487f887b7183b5900be5.png
[e186d9e57ee5426699f2843b6905d255.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/15/a6b6e9f88e93427fa63e0d5f53766e81.png