面试题：线程池执行过程中遇到异常会发生什么，怎样处理？

亦凉 2024-02-24 02:27 23阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*  线程遇到未处理的异常就结束了
 *  线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获异常
 *  问题来了，我们的代码中异常不可能全部捕获
 *  总结

--------------------

## 线程遇到未处理的异常就结束了 ##

这个好理解，当线程出现未捕获异常的时候就执行不下去了，留给它的就是垃圾回收了。

## 线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获异常 ##

当线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获的异常，那线程的复用率就大大降低了，需要不断地创建新线程。

做个实验：

public class ThreadExecutor {
        
    
     private ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
       new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200), new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread %d").build());
    
     @Test
     public void test() {
        
      IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
        
       try {
        
        Thread.sleep(100);
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
       threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
        
         int j = 1/0;
      });});
     }
    }

新建一个只有一个线程的线程池，每隔0.1s提交一个任务，任务中是一个1/0的计算。

Exception in thread "customThread 0" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Exception in thread "customThread 1" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Exception in thread "customThread 2" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Exception in thread "customThread 3" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Exception in thread "customThread 4" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Exception in thread "customThread 5" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
     at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

可见每次执行的线程都不一样，之前的线程都没有复用。原因是因为出现了未捕获的异常。

我们把异常捕获试试：

customThread 0 / by zero
    customThread 0 / by zero
    customThread 0 / by zero
    customThread 0 / by zero
    customThread 0 / by zero

可见当异常捕获了，线程就可以复用了。推荐：Java进阶视频资源

## 问题来了，我们的代码中异常不可能全部捕获 ##

如果要捕获那些没被业务代码捕获的异常，可以设置Thread类的uncaughtExceptionHandler属性。这时使用ThreadFactoryBuilder会比较方便，ThreadFactoryBuilder是guava提供的ThreadFactory生成器。

new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
    .setNameFormat("customThread %d")
    .setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println(t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getCause()))
    .build()

修改之后：

ublic class ThreadExecutor {
        
    
     private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
       new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200),
       new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
         .setNameFormat("customThread %d")
         .setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：" + t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getMessage()))
         .build());
    
     @Test
     public void test() {
        
      IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
        
       try {
        
        Thread.sleep(100);
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
    
       threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
        
        System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行");
        int j = 1 / 0;
       });
      });
     }
    }

线程customThread 0执行
    UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 0发生异常/ by zero
    线程customThread 1执行
    UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 1发生异常/ by zero
    线程customThread 2执行
    UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 2发生异常/ by zero
    线程customThread 3执行
    UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 3发生异常/ by zero
    线程customThread 4执行
    UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 4发生异常/ by zero

可见，结果并不是我们想象的那样，线程池中原有的线程没有复用！所以通过UncaughtExceptionHandler想将异常吞掉使线程复用这招貌似行不通。它只是做了一层异常的保底处理。

**将excute改成submit试试**

public class ThreadExecutor {
        
    
     private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
       new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200),
       new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
         .setNameFormat("customThread %d")
         .setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：" + t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getMessage()))
         .build());
    
     @Test
     public void test() {
        
      IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
        
       try {
        
        Thread.sleep(100);
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
    
       Future<?> future = threadPoolExecutor.submit(() -> {
        
        System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行");
        int j = 1 / 0;
       });
       try {
        
        future.get();
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
        e.printStackTrace();
       } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
      });
     }
    }

线程customThread 0执行
    java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    线程customThread 0执行
    java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    线程customThread 0执行
    java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    线程customThread 0执行
    java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    线程customThread 0执行
    java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

通过submit提交线程可以屏蔽线程中产生的异常，达到线程复用。当get()执行结果时异常才会抛出。

原因是通过submit提交的线程，当发生异常时，会将异常保存，待future.get();时才会抛出。

这是Futuretask的部分run()方法，看setException：

public void run() {
        
            try {
        
                Callable<V> c = callable;
                if (c != null && state == NEW) {
        
                    V result;
                    boolean ran;
                    try {
        
                        result = c.call();
                        ran = true;
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
        
                        result = null;
                        ran = false;
                        setException(ex);
                    }
                    if (ran)
                        set(result);
                }
            } 
        }
    
        protected void setException(Throwable t) {
        
            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
        
                outcome = t;
                UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state
                finishCompletion();
            }
        }

将异常存在outcome对象中，没有抛出，再看get方法：

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        
        int s = state;
        if (s <= COMPLETING)
            s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
        return report(s);
    }

private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
        
        Object x = outcome;
        if (s == NORMAL)
            return (V)x;
        if (s >= CANCELLED)
            throw new CancellationException();
        throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
    }

当outcome是异常时才抛出。

## 总结 ##

1、线程池中线程中异常尽量手动捕获

2、通过设置ThreadFactory的UncaughtExceptionHandler可以对未捕获的异常做保底处理，通过execute提交任务，线程依然会中断，而通过submit提交任务，可以获取线程执行结果，线程异常会在get执行结果时抛出。