实现利用FFmpeg将rtsp视频流转换成rtmp和hls

女爷i 2024-02-20 09:30 78阅读 0赞

所用相关技术：  
FFmpeg是一套可以用来记录、转换数字音频、视频，并能将其转化为流的开源计算机程序。采用LGPL或GPL许可证。它提供了录制、转换以及流化音视频的完整解决方案。它包含了非常先进的音频/视频编解码库libavcodec，能够解码、编码、转码、复用、解复用、流化、滤波和播放几乎任何人类和机器创造的多媒体文件。它具有高可移植性、高性能、高度安全、高度易用性、支持的格式多样性、高度可扩展等特点。

Nginx本身是一个非常出色的HTTP服务器,ffmpeg是非常好的音视频解决方案.这两个东西通过一个nginx的模块nginx-rtmp-module,组合在一起即可以搭建一个功能相对比较完善的流媒体服务器.这个流媒体服务器可以支持RTMP和HLS(Live  
Http Stream)。

nginx配合ffmpeg做流媒体服务器的原理是:

nginx通过rtmp模块提供rtmp服务, ffmpeg推送一个rtmp流到nginx, 然后客户端通过访问nginx来收看实时视频流.  
HLS也是差不多的原理,只是最终客户端是通过HTTP协议来访问的,但是ffmpeg推送流仍然是rtmp的.

FFmpeg安装  
![b305dba5cb8b49169d0ed761dd96bf50.png][]![31154a7e01654366aee49fb7a15865eb.png][]

![5a6c5d0bb9af4080b603fda5c748ac72.png][]

#### 配置环境变量 ####

搜索 **环境变量**

![25d9c60f23404b1ba52de10e066ae2eb.png][]

![493152d9b62d421b9f6499905c9fc569.png][]

到此就配置完成了。

#### 测试 ####

cmd中运行：**ffmpeg -version**

![5d90caa32b6640199be121d9822a8338.png][]

如此ffmpeg就装好了，如果有问题可能是你文件下载的有问题。也可能你存放ffmpeg的位置和你环境变量里配置的不对应。

### 搭建nginx-rtmp流媒体服务器 ###

#### 配置 ####

解压以后可以任意放到一个文件目录下，但是要记住目录地址后面会用到。  
打开**nginx\\conf**下**nginx-win-rtmp.conf**

##### rtsp转rtmp配置 #####

如下代码：

rtmp {
        server {
            listen 4848;
            chunk_size 4000;
            application live {
                 live on;
            }
        }
    }

listen：端口号  
application live：app名为live（这个名字可以自定义，后面转换的）

rtsp转hls配置  
将下一段代码添加到 application live 的下面

application hls \{  
live on;  
hls on;  
hls\_path hls;  
hls\_fragment 5s;  
\}

#user  nobody;
    # multiple workers works !
    worker_processes  2;
     
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
     
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
     
    events {
        worker_connections  8192;
        # max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = 
        #   this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker
        #   C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power
        # multi_accept on;
    }
     
    rtmp {
        server {
            listen 4848;
            chunk_size 4000;
            application live {
                 live on;
            }
    		application hls {
                live on;
                hls on;
                hls_path hls;
                hls_fragment 5s;
            }
        }
    }
     
    http {
        #include      /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules;
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
     
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
     
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
     
    #     # loadbalancing PHP
    #     upstream myLoadBalancer {
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         least_conn;
    #     }
     
        sendfile        off;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
     
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
     
    ## Start: Timeouts ##
        client_body_timeout   10;
        client_header_timeout 10;
        keepalive_timeout     30;
        send_timeout          10;
        keepalive_requests    10;
    ## End: Timeouts ##
     
        #gzip  on;
    
        server {
            listen       1515;
            server_name  localhost;
     
     
            location /stat {
                rtmp_stat all;
                rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
            }
            location /stat.xsl {
                root nginx-rtmp-module/;
            }
            location /control {
                rtmp_control all;
            }
            location /hls {
                # Serve HLS fragments
                types {
                    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                    video/mp2t ts;
                }
                alias hls;
                expires -1;
                add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
            }
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
     
            ## Caching Static Files, put before first location
            #location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
            #    expires 14d;
            #    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
            #}
    
    # For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF mode
            location / {
                #include    /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line
                ##SecRulesEnabled;
             ##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied";
             ##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK;
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
           
    # For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi
            ##location /RequestDenied {
            ##    return 412;
            ##}
     
    ## Lua examples !
    #         location /robots.txt {
    #           rewrite_by_lua '
    #             if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then
    #               return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt");
    #             end
    #           ';
    #         }
     
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
     
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
     
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
     
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process
            #    fastcgi_pass   myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
     
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
     
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
     
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
     
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl spdy;
        #    server_name  localhost;
     
        #    ssl                  on;
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
        #    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        #    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM;
     
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
     
    }

运行  
打开cmd命令提示符 打开nginx所在的位置，运行以下命令：  
nginx.exe -c conf/nginx-win-rtmp.conf

测试  
浏览器打开127.0.0.1:1515 端口号是在上文中设定的

打开以后所有的准备工作就完成了。

### 视频流转换 ###

#### 基本流程 ####

1、新建cmd命令提示符窗口  
2、ffmpeg转码  
3、vlc测试

#### ffmpeg转码rtsp转rtmp ####

ffmpeg -i "rtsp://admin:password@192.168.100.205:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://192.168.100.170:4848/live/hls

使用ffmpeg命令推流，-i后面是摄像头流地址，-flv后面是推到nginx机器的地址，  
vlc直接打开这个链接就可以看到转出来的视频画面。

#### ffmpeg转码rtsp转hls ####

ffmpeg -i "rtsp://admin:password@192.168.100.205:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://192.168.100.170:1515/hls/ test

使用ffmpeg命令推流，-i后面是摄像头流地址，-flv后面是推到nginx机器的地址，  
vlc直接打开

rtmp://192.168.100.170:1515/hls/test.m3u8

就可以看到转出来的视频画面了。

[b305dba5cb8b49169d0ed761dd96bf50.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b305dba5cb8b49169d0ed761dd96bf50.png
[31154a7e01654366aee49fb7a15865eb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/20/86ffec5dc5e74b4db6f6876a1a9026e8.png
[5a6c5d0bb9af4080b603fda5c748ac72.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/20/a7ffe1ef13534b2180d5734090f6b214.png
[25d9c60f23404b1ba52de10e066ae2eb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/20/fb720caeeb7f47f79cadb3b96429b039.png
[493152d9b62d421b9f6499905c9fc569.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/20/de2b76cecbb444ae8f7bbdb671f98a0b.png
[5d90caa32b6640199be121d9822a8338.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/20/c1bc8dca4bd547598077fb117145c005.png