SpringMVC配置

青旅半醒 2024-02-18 17:17 64阅读 0赞

## SpringMVC学习笔记---- ##

### 一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序 ###

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

![Image 1][] ![032131066955378.png][]

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

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<servlet>
          <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
          <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
          <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

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3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    
    
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
    
        
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    
        
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
        
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
                id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
            
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        </bean>
    </beans>

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4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

![032227247897004.png][]

6.编写Controller代码

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@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/mvc")
    public class mvcController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(){        
            return "hello";
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

### 二、配置解析 ###

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

### 三、SpringMVC常用注解 ###

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中  
@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求  
@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参  
@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法  
@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

### 四、自动匹配参数 ###

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//match automatically
        @RequestMapping("/person")
        public String toPerson(String name,double age){
            System.out.println(name+" "+age);
            return "hello";
        }

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### 五、自动装箱 ###

1.编写一个Person实体类

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package test.SpringMVC.model;
    
    public class Person {
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        private String name;
        private int age;
        
    }

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2.在Controller里编写方法

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//boxing automatically
        @RequestMapping("/person1")
        public String toPerson(Person p){
            System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
            return "hello";
        }

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### 六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数 ###

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
        @RequestMapping("/date")
        public String date(Date date){
            System.out.println(date);
            return "hello";
        }
        
        //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
        @InitBinder
        public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
            binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
                    true));
        }

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### 七、向前台传递参数 ###

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//pass the parameters to front-end
        @RequestMapping("/show")
        public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
            Person p =new Person();
            map.put("p", p);
            p.setAge(20);
            p.setName("jayjay");
            return "show";
        }

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前台可在Request域中取到"p"

### 八、使用Ajax调用 ###

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
        @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
        public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
            pw.write("hello,"+name);        
        }
        @RequestMapping("/name")
        public String sayHello(){
            return "name";
        }

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前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

$(function(){
                  $("#btn").click(function(){
                      $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
                          alert(data);
                      });
                  });
              });

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求 ###

//redirect 
        @RequestMapping("/redirect")
        public String redirect(){
            return "redirect:hello";
        }

### 十、文件上传 ###

1.需要导入两个jar包

![052005184887879.png][]

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
            <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
        </bean>

3.方法代码

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
            MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
            MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
            String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
                    "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
            fos.write(file.getBytes());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
            
            return "hello";
        }

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4.前台form表单

### 十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name ###

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public class mvcController1 {
        @RequestMapping(value="/param")
        public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
                @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
            System.out.println(id+" "+name);
            return "/hello";
        }    
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC ###

1.RestController

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/rest")
    public class RestController {
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("get"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("post"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
        public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("put"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("delete"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
        
    }

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2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

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<filter>
          <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
          <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
          <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
          <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>

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在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 十三、返回json格式的字符串 ###

1.导入以下jar包

![052029372696778.png][]

2.方法代码

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/json")
    public class jsonController {
        
        @ResponseBody
        @RequestMapping("/user")
        public  User get(){
            User u = new User();
            u.setId(1);
            u.setName("jayjay");
            u.setBirth(new Date());
            return u;
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 十四、异常的处理 ###

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@ExceptionHandler
        public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
            mv.addObject("exception", ex);
            System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
            return mv;
        }
        
        @RequestMapping("/error")
        public String error(){
            int i = 5/0;
            return "hello";
        }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@ControllerAdvice
    public class testControllerAdvice {
        @ExceptionHandler
        public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
            mv.addObject("exception", ex);
            System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
            return mv;
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
            <property name="exceptionMappings">
                <props>
                    <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

error是出错页面

### 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器 ###

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
                HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
                throws Exception {
            System.out.println("afterCompletion");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
                Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("postHandle");
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
                Object arg2) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("preHandle");
            return true;
        }
    
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

<mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
                <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>        
        </mvc:interceptors>

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

3.拦截器执行顺序

![052112090047146.png][]

### 十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化 ###

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

![052116271296839.png][](未选中不用导入)

![052116407233893.png][]

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

public class User {
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Date getBirth() {
            return birth;
        }
        public void setBirth(Date birth) {
            this.birth = birth;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
        }    
        private int id;
        @NotEmpty
        private String name;
    
        @Past
        @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
        private Date birth;
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
            id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
            name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
            birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
            <input type="submit" value="submit">
        </form:form>

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/form")
    public class formController {
        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    
        public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
            if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            
                return "addUser";
            }
            return "showUser";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
            map.put("user",new User());
            return "addUser";
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
    Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
    DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
    typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
    typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
            <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
        </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale\_zh\_CN.properties

username=账号
    password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
    password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

在SpringMVC中配置

<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

### 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC ###

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

![052306155821182.png][]

2.User实体类

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

3.UserService类

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

@Component
    public class UserService {
        public UserService(){
            System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
        }
        
        public void save(){
            System.out.println("save");
        }
    }

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4.UserController

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@Controller
    @RequestMapping("/integrate")
    public class UserController {
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
        
        @RequestMapping("/user")
        public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
            System.out.println(u);
            userService.save();
            return "hello";
        }
    }

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5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            "
            xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
            xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
            >
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>        
        </context:component-scan>
        
    </beans>

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在Web.xml中添加配置

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<listener>
          <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
      <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>

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6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
            <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
            <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
        </context:component-scan>

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图 ###

![052340331602684.png][]

### 十九、SpringMVC运行原理 ###

1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet  
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller  
3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller  
4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后，返回ModelAndView  
5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图  
6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端

### 二十、SpringMVC与struts2的区别 ###

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。  
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。  
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

[Image 1]: 
[032131066955378.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/5327fb8fe67f42c3b15180f89c4941e2.png
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[052005184887879.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/15d6a739544543718863e69473893447.png
[052029372696778.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/ec47049317c8454d8913b1f9c777c6bb.png
[052112090047146.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/aa61e42a7abf4ee4a5da25a4ee3c661a.png
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[052340331602684.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/f32d6fd94da047b6933a51e4a82c3d57.png