druid 连接池的实用配置详解

悠悠 2024-02-18 15:35 65阅读 0赞

*  ### DRUID介绍 ###

DRUID是阿里巴巴开源平台上一个数据库连接池实现，它结合了C3P0、DBCP、PROXOOL等DB池的优点，同时加入了日志监控，可以很好的监控DB池连接和SQL的执行情况，可以说是针对监控而生的DB连接池(据说是目前最好的连接池,不知道速度有没有BoneCP快)。

*  ### 配置参数 ###

和其它连接池一样DRUID的DataSource类为：com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource，基本配置参数如下：

<table style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:19.5px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 配置</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 缺省值</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 说明</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> name</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 配置这个属性的意义在于，如果存在多个数据源，监控的时候可以通过名字来区分开来。&nbsp;<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 如果没有配置，将会生成一个名字，格式是："DataSource-" + System.identityHashCode(this)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> jdbcUrl</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 连接数据库的url，不同数据库不一样。例如：&nbsp;<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> mysql : jdbc:mysql://10.20.153.104:3306/druid2&nbsp;<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> oracle : jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.20.149.85:1521:ocnauto</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> username</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 连接数据库的用户名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> password</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 连接数据库的密码。如果你不希望密码直接写在配置文件中，可以使用ConfigFilter。详细看这里：https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ConfigFilter</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> driverClassName</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 根据url自动识别</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 这一项可配可不配，如果不配置druid会根据url自动识别dbType，然后选择相应的driverClassName(建议配置下)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> initialSize</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 0</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 初始化时建立物理连接的个数。初始化发生在显示调用init方法，或者第一次getConnection时</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> maxActive</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 8</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 最大连接池数量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> maxIdle</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 8</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 已经不再使用，配置了也没效果</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> minIdle</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 最小连接池数量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> maxWait</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 获取连接时最大等待时间，单位毫秒。配置了maxWait之后，缺省启用公平锁，并发效率会有所下降，如果需要可以通过配置useUnfairLock属性为true使用非公平锁。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> poolPreparedStatements</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> false</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 是否缓存preparedStatement，也就是PSCache。PSCache对支持游标的数据库性能提升巨大，比如说oracle。在mysql下建议关闭。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> maxOpenPreparedStatements</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> -1</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 要启用PSCache，必须配置大于0，当大于0时，poolPreparedStatements自动触发修改为true。在Druid中，不会存在Oracle下PSCache占用内存过多的问题，可以把这个数值配置大一些，比如说100</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> validationQuery</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 用来检测连接是否有效的sql，要求是一个查询语句。如果validationQuery为null，testOnBorrow、testOnReturn、testWhileIdle都不会其作用。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> testOnBorrow</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> true</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 申请连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效，做了这个配置会降低性能。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> testOnReturn</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> false</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 归还连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效，做了这个配置会降低性能</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> testWhileIdle</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> false</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 建议配置为true，不影响性能，并且保证安全性。申请连接的时候检测，如果空闲时间大于timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis，执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 有两个含义：&nbsp;<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 1) Destroy线程会检测连接的间隔时间2) testWhileIdle的判断依据，详细看testWhileIdle属性的说明</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> numTestsPerEvictionRun</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 不再使用，一个DruidDataSource只支持一个EvictionRun</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> connectionInitSqls</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 物理连接初始化的时候执行的sql</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> exceptionSorter</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 根据dbType自动识别</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 当数据库抛出一些不可恢复的异常时，抛弃连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> filters</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> 属性类型是字符串，通过别名的方式配置扩展插件，常用的插件有：&nbsp;<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 监控统计用的filter:stat日志用的filter:log4j防御sql注入的filter:wall</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> proxyFilters</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse"> <p style="margin:10px auto; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; font-size:13px"> 类型是List&lt;com.alibaba.druid.filter.Filter&gt;，如果同时配置了filters和proxyFilters，是组合关系，并非替换关系</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  使用方法

DB数据源的使用方法也就是2种，一种是在代码中写死通过NEW操作符创建DataSSource，然后set一些连接属性，这里不在累述;另外一种是基于SPRING的配置方法，然后让SPRING的Context自动加载配置（以下配置文件默认都在项目根目录下conf文件夹中）

1、属性文件:application.properties(DataSource连接参数)

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test  
jdbc.username=root  
jdbc.password=1qaz!QAZ

2、SPRING配置文件：spring-base.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns=" [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans][http_www.springframework.org_schema_beans]"  
xmlns:xsi=" [http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance][http_www.w3.org_2001_XMLSchema-instance]" xmlns:batch=" [http://www.springframework.org/schema/batch][http_www.springframework.org_schema_batch]"  
xsi:schemaLocation=" [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans][http_www.springframework.org_schema_beans]  
[http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd][http_www.springframework.org_schema_beans_spring-beans-4.0.xsd]">

<bean id="propertyConfigure"  
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
<property name="locations">  
<list>  
<value>./conf/application.properties</value>  
</list>  
</property>  
</bean>

<property name="maxWait" value="10000" />

<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />

<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />

<property name="testOnBorrow" value="true" />  
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />

<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />  
<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"  
value="20" />

<property name="validationQuery" value="select 1 " />  
<property name="filters" value="stat" />  
<property name="proxyFilters">  
<list>  
<ref bean="logFilter" />  
</list>  
</property>  
</bean>

</beans>

上面红色标注部分为监控DB池连接执行监控，后面在做详细说明.

*  监控方式

1、WEB方式监控配置

<servlet>  
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>  
<servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet</servlet-class>  
</servlet>  
<servlet-mapping>  
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>  
<url-pattern>/druid/\*</url-pattern>  
</servlet-mapping>  
<filter>  
<filter-name>druidWebStatFilter</filter-name>  
<filter-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter</filter-class>  
<init-param>  
<param-name>exclusions</param-name>  
<param-value>/public/\*,\*.js,\*.css,/druid\*,\*.jsp,\*.swf</param-value>  
</init-param>  
<init-param>  
<param-name>principalSessionName</param-name>  
<param-value>sessionInfo</param-value>  
</init-param>  
<init-param>  
<param-name>profileEnable</param-name>  
<param-value>true</param-value>  
</init-param>  
</filter>  
<filter-mapping>  
<filter-name>druidWebStatFilter</filter-name>  
<url-pattern>/\*</url-pattern>  
</filter-mapping>

把上面servlet配置添加到项目web.xml即可。然后运行Tomcat，浏览器输入 [http://IP:PROT/druid][http_IP_PROT_druid]

就可以打开Druid的监控页面了.

2、日志文件监控

Druid提供了多种日志文件监控 commons-logging、log4j等，这里我们主要使用slf4j和logback来进行日志监控配置。

首先要引入slf4j和logback相关的jar文件（从Maven公共仓库下载 [http://search.maven.org/][http_search.maven.org]）

<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>  
<logback.version>1.1.2</logback.version>

<dependency>  
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
<version>$\{slf4j.version\}</version>  
</dependency>  
<dependency>  
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>  
<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>  
<version>$\{logback.version\}</version>  
</dependency>  
<dependency>  
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>  
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>  
<version>$\{logback.version\}</version>  
</dependency>  
<dependency>  
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>  
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>  
<version>$\{logback.version\}</version>  
</dependency>

接下配置logback的配置文件(./conf/logback.xml)

<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">  
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">  
<Pattern>%d\{HH:mm:ss.SSS\} \[%thread\] %-5level %logger\{36\} - %msg%n  
</Pattern>  
</layout>  
</appender>

<appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">  
<file>./logs/druid\_info.log</file>  
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">  
<Pattern>%d\{HH:mm:ss.SSS\} \[%thread\] %-5level %logger\{36\} - %msg%n</Pattern>  
</layout>  
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">  
<level>debug</level>  
</filter>  
</appender>

最后就是写一个测试类进行测试

public class TestMain \{

public static void loadLoggerContext() \{  
System.getProperties().put("logback.configurationFile", "./conf/logback.xml");  
LoggerContext lc = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();  
StatusPrinter.setPrintStream(System.err);  
StatusPrinter.print(lc);  
\}

public static void main(String\[\] args) \{  
try \{  
loadLoggerContext();  
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("./conf/spring-base.xml");  
  
\} catch (Exception e) \{  
System.out.println(e);  
\}  
\}  
\}

[http_www.springframework.org_schema_beans]: http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
[http_www.w3.org_2001_XMLSchema-instance]: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
[http_www.springframework.org_schema_batch]: http://www.springframework.org/schema/batch
[http_www.springframework.org_schema_beans_spring-beans-4.0.xsd]: http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
[http_IP_PROT_druid]: http://ipprot/
[http_search.maven.org]: http://search.maven.org/