Mac下通过 brew 安装不同版本的php

小咪咪 2024-02-17 16:24 23阅读 0赞

**正 文：**

MAC OS X 10.9.5系统里已经自带了 apache 和 php ，只是默认没有启用，我们将他们启用即可。  
APACHE的默认版本是 Apache/2.2.26 (Unix)，php版本是PHP 5.4.30。 由于调试程序需要，我需要同时 安装低版本的php5.3，但是又不希望删除系统预装的php 5.4，或升级/降级系统的php5.4，那么怎么办呢？这个时候，就可以通过brew的方式安装新的php版本。 第一步，先安装 brew Brew 是 Mac 下面的包管理工具，通过 Github 托管适合 Mac 的编译配置以及 Patch，可以方便的安装开发工具。 Mac 自带ruby 所以安装起来很方便，同时它也会自动把git也给你装上。官方网站： [ http://brew.sh][http_brew.sh] 在mac下终端里直接输入命令行：

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

安装完成之后，建议执行一下自检： brew doctor 如果看到Your system is ready to brew. 那么你的brew已经可以开始使用了。 常用命令： （所有软件以PHP5.5为例子）

brew update \#更新brew可安装包，建议每次执行一下  
brew search php55 \#搜索php5.5  
brew tap josegonzalez/php \#安装扩展<gihhub\_user/repo>  
brew tap \#查看安装的扩展列表  
brew install php55 \#安装php5.5  
brew remove php55 \#卸载php5.5  
brew upgrade php55 \#升级php5.5  
brew options php55 \#查看php5.5安装选项  
brew info php55 \#查看php5.5相关信息  
brew home php55 \#访问php5.5官方网站  
brew services list \#查看系统通过 brew 安装的服务  
brew services cleanup \#清除已卸载无用的启动配置文件  
brew services restart php55 \#重启php-fpm

第二步，安装PHP  
  
先添加brew的PHP扩展库：

brew update  
brew tap homebrew/dupes  
brew tap homebrew/php  
brew tap josegonzalez/homebrew-php

可以使用 brew options php53 命令来查看安装php5.3的选项，这里我用下面的选项安装：

brew install php53 --with-apache --with-gmp --with-imap --with-tidy --with-debug

请注意： 如果你希望以mac下的apache作为web server，编译时要加 --with-apache；如果你的web server 是 nginx这类，就需要加上 --with-fpm。

Options  
\--disable-opcache  
Build without Opcache extension  
\--disable-zend-multibyte  
Disable auto-detection of Unicode encoded scripts  
\--homebrew-apxs  
Build against apxs in Homebrew prefix  
\--with-apache  
Enable building of shared Apache 2.0 Handler module, overriding any options which disable apache  
\--with-cgi  
Enable building of the CGI executable (implies --without-apache)  
\--with-debug  
Compile with debugging symbols  
\--with-fpm  
Enable building of the fpm SAPI executable (implies --without-apache)  
\--with-gmp  
Build with gmp support  
\--with-homebrew-curl  
Include Curl support via Homebrew  
\--with-homebrew-libxslt  
Include LibXSLT support via Homebrew  
\--with-homebrew-openssl  
Include OpenSSL support via Homebrew  
\--with-imap  
Include IMAP extension  
\--with-libmysql  
Include (old-style) libmysql support instead of mysqlnd  
\--with-mssql  
Include MSSQL-DB support  
\--with-pdo-oci  
Include Oracle databases (requries ORACLE\_HOME be set)  
\--with-phpdbg  
Enable building of the phpdbg SAPI executable (PHP 5.4 and above)  
\--with-postgresql  
Build with postgresql support  
\--with-thread-safety  
Build with thread safety  
\--with-tidy  
Include Tidy support  
\--without-bz2  
Build without bz2 support  
\--without-mysql  
Remove MySQL/MariaDB support  
\--without-pcntl  
Build without Process Control support  
\--without-pear  
Build without PEAR  
\--without-snmp  
Build without SNmp support  
\--HEAD  
Install HEAD version

PHP编译过程中如果遇到 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> 错误，执行 xcode-select --install 重新安装一下 Xcode Command Line Tools 即可解决该错误（来源： [https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-php/issues/1181][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew-php_issues_1181]）。 安装完php后，会有一段提示，请仔细阅读：

Caveats  
To enable PHP in Apache add the following to httpd.conf and restart Apache:  
LoadModule php5\_module /usr/local/opt/php53/libexec/apache2/libphp5.soThe php.ini file can be found in:  
/usr/local/etc/php/5.3/php.ini✩✩✩✩ PEAR ✩✩✩✩If PEAR complains about permissions, 'fix' the default PEAR permissions and config:  
chmod -R ug+w /usr/local/Cellar/php53/5.3.29/lib/php  
pear config-set php\_ini /usr/local/etc/php/5.3/php.ini✩✩✩✩ Extensions ✩✩✩✩If you are having issues with custom extension compiling, ensure that  
you are using the brew version, by placing /usr/local/bin before /usr/sbin in your PATH: PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"PHP53 Extensions will always be compiled against this PHP. Please install them  
using --without-homebrew-php to enable compiling against system PHP.✩✩✩✩ PHP CLI ✩✩✩✩If you wish to swap the PHP you use on the command line, you should add the following to ~/.bashrc,  
~/.zshrc, ~/.profile or your shell's equivalent configuration file: export PATH="$(brew --prefix homebrew/php/php53)/bin:$PATH"To have launchd start php53 at login:  
 ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php53/\*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents  
Then to load php53 now:  
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php53.plist  
==> Summary  
/usr/local/Cellar/php53/5.3.29: 480 files, 31M, built in 12.9 minutes

等待PHP编译完成，开始安装PHP常用扩展，扩展安装过程中 brew会自动安装依赖包，使用 brew search php53- 命令，可以查看还有哪些扩展可以安装，然后执行 brew install php53-XXX 就可以了。 由于Mac自带了php和php-fpm，因此需要添加系统环境变量PATH来替代自带PHP版本：

echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix homebrew/php/php53)/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash\_profile \#for php  
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix homebrew/php/php53)/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash\_profile \#for php-fpm  
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash\_profile \#for other brew install soft  
source ~/.bash\_profile \#更新配置

如何卸载安装的 php5.3呢？

\# 卸载  
brew uninstall php53  
\# 清除缓存以及老旧版本文件  
brew cleanup -s

测试一下效果：

$ php -v  
PHP 5.3.29 (cli) (built: Jan 24 2015 12:40:58) (DEBUG)  
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group  
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies\# mac系统自带的php  
$ /usr/bin/php -v  
PHP 5.4.30 (cli) (built: Jul 29 2014 23:43:29)  
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group  
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies  
with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2013, by Zend Technologies

由于我们没有安装php的fpm模式，所以 php-fpm -v 命令显示的是mac自带的：

$ php-fpm -v  
PHP 5.4.30 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jul 29 2014 23:44:15)  
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group  
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies  
with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2013, by Zend Technologies

这个时候，我们使用 phpinfo 函数显示出来的php版本还是max自带的PHP5.4，需要我们修改 apache的配置文件 httpd.conf，加载的php5模块路径指向刚刚安装的 php5.3目录里的 libphp5.so：

LoadModule php5\_module /usr/local/opt/php53/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so

重启apache，phpinfo() 脚本里显示的 php 版本就变成了 PHP Version 5.3.29。

[http_brew.sh]: http://www.piaoyi.org/php/%C2%A0http://brew.sh
[https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew-php_issues_1181]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-php/issues/1181