Django 简单图书管理系统

柔情只为你懂 2024-02-05 17:36 67阅读 0赞

### **一、图书需求** ###

>     1. 书籍book_index.html中有超链接：查看所有的书籍列表book_list.html页面
>     2. 书籍book_list.html中显示所有的书名，有超链接：查看本书籍详情book_detail.html(通过书籍ID)页面
>     3. 书籍book_detail.html中书的作者和出版社，有超链接：作者详情author_detail.html(通过书籍ID)和出版社详情publisher_detail.html(通过书籍ID)页面
>     4. 书籍book_list.html中添加图书超链接,book_add.html
>     5. 书籍book_list.html中修改图书超链接,book_edit.html
>     6. 书籍book_list.html中删除图书超链接,book_delete.html

### **二、实现步骤** ###

>     1、创建每个模块的模型models.py
>     2、创建每个模块的html页面
>     3、创建每个模块的视图函数views.py
>     4、编写每个模块的子路由urls.py
>     5、运行测试每个模块访问
>         http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/detail/1
>         http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/list/
>         http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/index/
>         .....
> 
> **注意：分模块操作**

### 三、数据表关系 ###

> **书籍表 Book**：title 、 pub\_date 、 publisher（多对多） 、 author（外键，多对一）
> 
> **出版社表 Publisher**：name 、address、city 、state\_province、 country、website
> 
> **作者表 Author**：first\_name、 last\_name、 email、 gender
> 
> **注意：自动生成中间表 book\_publisher**

### 四、创建bookitem项目 ###

![03901951ed2b4c2e864abd190e3fe839.png][]

**在控制台执行子应用: `python manage.py startapp book`**

### 五、编码显示 ###

**（1）模型层models.py**

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    #作者数据模型
    class Author(models.Model):
        first_name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        last_name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        email=models.EmailField()
        # gender=models.BooleanField(default=True)
        gender_choices=(
             (0,'女'),
             (1,'男'),
             (2,'保密'),
         )
        gender=models.SmallIntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table='author'
            verbose_name='作者'
            verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.first_name+self.last_name

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    #出版社数据模块
    class Publisher(models.Model):
        name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        address=models.CharField(max_length=100)
        city=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        state_province=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        country=models.CharField(max_length=30)
        website=models.URLField()
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'publisher'
            verbose_name = '出版社'
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.name

from django.db import models
    from author.models import  Author  #导入数据模型
    from publisher.models import Publisher
    
    # Create your models here.
    # 书籍数据模型
    class Book(models.Model):
        title=models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name='书名')
        publish_date=models.DateField(verbose_name='出版时间')
        #FK关联
        #fk:book:Author作者数据模型=N:1(多对一）
        author=models.ForeignKey(Author,on_delete=models.PROTECT,verbose_name='作者')
        #多对多 book:Publisher 出版社数据模型(多对多）
        publisher=models.ManyToManyField(Publisher,verbose_name='出版社')
    
    
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'book'
            verbose_name = '书籍'
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.title

**数据迁移，生成相关表**

> 在终端依次执行命令  
> `python manage.py makemigrations`  
> `python manage.py migrate`

**手动添加相关数据**

![53d398618e5c4b898abda213989ffa98.png][]

![cd6f341e4dc14a2bb5634f7f1996efdd.png][]

![98097f3ce3834f0ea43ed9633651ab66.png][]

![63fe22fea4d047bd84599cfa00f88f6a.png][]

**（2）视图层views.py**

from django.shortcuts import render
    from author.models import *
    
    # Create your views here.
    #作者详情
    def author_detail(request,aid):
        '''
        通过aid获取作者详情信息
        :param request:
        :param aid:
        :return:
        '''
        author=Author.objects.get(pk=aid)
        return  render(request,'author/author_detail.html',{'author':author})

from django.shortcuts import render
    from publisher.models import *
    # Create your views here.
    #出版社详情
    def publisher_detail(request,pid):
        publisher=Publisher.objects.get(pk=pid)
        return  render(request,'publisher/publisher_detail.html',{"publisher":publisher})

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
    from book.models import *
    from author.models import *
    from publisher.models import *
    
    
    # Create your views here.
    # 书籍首页
    def book_index(request):
        return render(request, 'book/book_index.html')
        # return render(request, 'book/book_home.html')
    
    
    # 书籍列表
    def book_list(request):
        '''
        获取所有的书籍
        :param request:
        :return:
        '''
        books = Book.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'book/book_list.html', {'books': books})
    
    
    # 书籍详情
    def book_detail(request, bid):
        '''
        获取bid对应的书籍
        :param request:
        :param bid:
        :return:
        '''
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=bid)
        return render(request, 'book/book_detail.html', {'book': book})
    
    
    # 书籍添加
    def book_add(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            # 获取书名，出版时间，作者，出版社列表
            title = request.POST.get('title')
            publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
            author_id = request.POST.get('author')
            #*列表：getlist
            publisher_list = request.POST.getlist('publisher')
            # 操作数据库存储数据
            book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title, publish_date=publish_date, author_id=author_id)
            # 书籍与出版社的关系表
            book_obj.publisher.add(*publisher_list)
            # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
            # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
            return redirect('../list')
    
        # 获取当前系统所有的出版社和作者信息
        publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
        # print(publishers)
        authors = Author.objects.all()
        # print(authors)
        #返回添加页面
        return render(request, 'book/book_add.html', locals())
    
    
    # 书籍编辑
    def book_edit(request, bid):
        '''
        获取bid对应的书籍
        :param request:
        :param bid:
        :return:
        '''
        if request.method == 'POST':
            # 获取书名，出版时间，作者，出版社列表
            title = request.POST.get('title')
            publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
            author_id = request.POST.get('author')
            # *列表：getlist
            publisher_list = request.POST.getlist('publisher')
            # 操作数据库修改数据
            Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).update(title=title,publish_date=publish_date,author_id=author_id)
    
            # 修改第三张表
            book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).first()
            # 修改出版社列表
            book_obj.publisher.set(publisher_list)
    
            # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
            # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
            return redirect('../list')
    
        # 获取当前用户想要编辑的书籍对象，展示给用户看
        edit_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).first()
        # 获取当前系统所有的出版社和作者信息
        publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
        # print(publishers)
        authors = Author.objects.all()
        # print(authors)
    
        return render(request, 'book/book_edit.html',  locals())
    
    
    
    
    # 书籍删除
    def book_delete(request, bid):
        #删除书籍
        Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).delete()
        # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
        # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
        return redirect('../list')

**（3）路由层urls.py**

![092c52d41e244a779d978d269db15fce.png][]

![3d3deeb9d1364a2a8e362d9c3ed1984c.png][]

from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from book.views import *  #导入视图
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('index/', book_index, name='index'),
        path('list/', book_list, name='list'),
        # 注意参数名必须与视图定义的参数名字相同，起个别名name
        path('detail/<int:bid>', book_detail, name='detail'),
    
        #添加书籍
        path('add/', book_add, name='add'),
    
        # 注意参数名必须与视图定义的参数名字相同，起个别名name
        #修改书籍
        path('edit/<int:bid>', book_edit, name='edit'),
    
        # 删除书籍
        path('delete/<int:bid>', book_delete, name='delete'),
    ]

![a16894a53f80433fa2032aead22e5780.png][]

from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path, include
    
    urlpatterns = [
        #
        path('author/', include(('author.urls','author'),namespace='author')), #子路由author
        path('book/', include(('book.urls','book'),namespace='book')), #子路由book
        path('publisher/', include(('publisher.urls','publisher'),namespace='publisher')), #子路由publisher
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls), #后台管理路由
    ]

**（4）模板页面html**

**(1) 首页页面**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
            <h1>书籍首页</h1>
            <hr/>
            {# book命名空间 ，list是别名 #}
            <a href="{% url 'book:list' %}">查看所有的书籍</a>
    </body>
    </html>

**(2) 图书展示页面**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        {# css #}
        {% block extcss %}
            
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
        {% endblock %}
        {% block extJs %}
            
            <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    
            
            <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
    
            
            <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
        {% endblock %}
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1 class="text-center">书籍信息</h1>
    
        <a href="{% url 'book:add' %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">添加</a>
        <br>
        <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
            <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>ID</th>
                <th>书名</th>
                <th>出版日期</th>
                <th>出版社</th>
                <th>作者</th>
                <th>操作</th>
            </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
            {% for book in books %}
                <tr>
                    <td>{
       { book.pk }}</td>
                    <td><a href="{% url 'book:detail' book.id %}">{
       { book.title }}</a></td>
                    {#格式化日期#}
                    <td>{
       { book.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
                    <td>
                        {% for publish in book.publisher.all %}
                        {# 判断是最后一个不加，#}
                          {% if forloop.last %}
                            {
       {publish.name }}
                        {# 判断是其他加，#}
                          {% else %}
                             {
       {publish.name }},
                          {% endif %}
    
                        {% endfor %}
                    </td>
                    <td> {
       {book.author.first_name }}{
       {book.author.last_name }}</td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="{% url 'book:edit' book.pk %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">编辑</a>
                        <a href="{% url 'book:delete' book.pk %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">删除</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </body>

**(3) 图书添加页面**

**(4) 图书修改页面**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        {# css #}
        {% block extcss %}
            
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
        {% endblock %}
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1 class="text-center">书籍编辑</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
         {# 确认html中的form添加模板标签,否则发生异常#}
         {% csrf_token %}
        <p>书名：
            <input type="text" name="title" class="form-control" value="{
       { edit_obj.title }}">
        </p>
        <p>出版日期：
            <input type="date" name="publish_date" class="form-control"
                   value="{
       { edit_obj.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}">
        </p>
        <p>出版社：
            <select name="publisher" id="" multiple class="form-control">
                {% for publish_obj in publishers %}
                    {# 针对当前书籍对象的出版社应该默认选中 #}
                      {% if publish_obj in edit_obj.publisher.all %}
                        <option value="{
       { publish_obj.pk }}" selected>{
       { publish_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% else %}
                        <option value="{
       { publish_obj.pk }}">{
       { publish_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% endif %}
    
                {% endfor %}
    
            </select>
        </p>
        <p>作者：
            <select name="author" id=""  class="form-control">
                {% for author_obj in authors%}
                    {% if author_obj == edit_obj.author %}
                        <option value="{
       { author_obj.pk }}" selected>{
       { author_obj.first_name }}{
       { author_obj.last_name }}</option>
                    {% else %}
                        <option value="{
       { author_obj.pk }}">{
       { author_obj.first_name }}{
       { author_obj.last_name }}</option>
                    {% endif %}
    
                {% endfor %}
    
            </select>
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="确定编辑" class="btn btn-info btn-block">
    </form>
    
    </body>
    </html>

**(5) 图书详情页面**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>书籍详情页</h1>
        <hr/>
        <div>
           <p>名称：{
       { book.title }}</p>
           <p>出版时间：{
       { book.publish_date }}</p>
           <p>作者：
               <a href="{% url 'author:detail' book.author.id %}">
                 {
       { book.author.first_name }}{
       { book.author.last_name }}
               </a>
           </p>
    
            <p>出版社：
                {% for publisher in book.publisher.all %}
                   <a href="{% url 'publisher:detail' publisher.id  %}">
                     {
       { publisher.name}}
                   </a>
                    {# 每个出版社之间加分割|#}
                    {%  if not forloop.last %}
                        |
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
           </p>
        </div>
    
    </body>
    </html>

**(6) 作者详情页面**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>作者详情页</h1>
        <hr/>
        <div>
               <p>名字：{
       { author.last_name }}{
       { author.last_name }}</p>
               <p>性别：{
       {author.gender }}</p>
               <p>邮箱：{
       {author.email }}</p>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>

(7) 出版社详情页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>出版社详情页</h1>
        <hr/>
          <div>
               <p>名字：{
       { publisher.name }}</p>
               <p>地址：{
       {publisher.address }}</p>
               <p>城市：{
       {publisher.city }}</p>
               <p>省份：{
       {publisher.state_province }}</p>
               <p>国家：{
       {publisher.country }}</p>
               <p>网址：{
       {publisher.website }}</p>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>

### 四、效果 ###

**图书信息**

![69bc04ac38534b84a23aaf2f591d5312.png][]

**图书详情**

![5f352ed398af4765abb8af7987877dae.png][]

**作者详情**

![5dfb25c11e464948b0678ed06fa8c500.png][]

**出版社详情**

![538d5c9d938c4886aeb30fb20eb17ad0.png][]

**图书添加**

**单击添加按钮**

![1212e1e715734d20b9f78cbeab7d8f6d.png][]

**返回列表显示**

![11a7d1f7858541aba875b51ac5750151.png][]

#### 图书修改 ####

**单击编辑跳转**

![7d0ac4a90d1840a491c3440dfb149f29.png][]

**修改数据**

![d8a8e9761cc043a89b66200bbd815f61.png][]

**修改后数据显示**

![31503370098841b79a137d93af41e752.png][]

**图书删除**

**单击删除按钮**

![385fb25a5ffa477babeb538fa93e6af5.png][]

**注意：删除书籍信息，相关的中间表的也删除数据。**

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