Install MongoDB Community Edition on Red Hat Enterprise or CentOS Linux

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2023-10-18 22:31 109阅读 0赞

## Install MongoDB Community Edition on Red Hat Enterprise or CentOS Linux ##

On this page

*  [Overview][]
 *  [Packages][]
 *  [Install MongoDB Community Edition][]
 *  [Run MongoDB Community Edition][]
 *  [Uninstall MongoDB Community Edition][]

### Overview ###

Use this tutorial to install MongoDB Community Edition on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS Linux, or Oracle Linux [\[1\]][1] versions 6 and 7 using `.rpm` packages.

This installation guide only supports 64-bit systems. See [Supported Platforms][] for more information.

WINDOWS SUBSYSTEM FOR LINUX (WSL) - UNSUPPORTED

MongoDB does not support WSL, and users on WSL have encountered various issues installing on WSL. For examples, see:

*  [https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/3286][https_github.com_Microsoft_WSL_issues_3286]
 *  [https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/796][https_github.com_Microsoft_WSL_issues_796]

PRODUCTION NOTES

Before deploying MongoDB in a production environment, consider the [Production Notes][] document.

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#id1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></td> 
   <td>MongoDB only supports Oracle Linux running the Red Hat Compatible Kernel (RHCK). MongoDB does&nbsp;<strong>not</strong>&nbsp;support the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK).</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### Packages ###

MongoDB provides officially supported packages in their own repository:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Package Name</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mongodb-org</code></td> 
   <td>A&nbsp;<code>metapackage</code>&nbsp;that will automatically install the four component packages listed below.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mongodb-org-server</code></td> 
   <td>Contains the&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongod/#bin.mongod" rel="nofollow"><code>mongod</code></a>&nbsp;daemon, associated init script, and a&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/configuration-options/#conf-file" rel="nofollow">configuration file</a>(<code>/etc/mongod.conf</code>). You can use the initialization script to start&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongod/#bin.mongod" rel="nofollow"><code>mongod</code></a>&nbsp;with the configuration file. For details, see&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#run-mongodb-community-edition" rel="nofollow">Run MongoDB Community Edition</a>.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mongodb-org-mongos</code></td> 
   <td>Contains the&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongos/#bin.mongos" rel="nofollow"><code>mongos</code></a>&nbsp;daemon.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mongodb-org-shell</code></td> 
   <td>Contains the&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongo/#bin.mongo" rel="nofollow"><code>mongo</code></a>&nbsp;shell.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mongodb-org-tools</code></td> 
   <td>Contains the following MongoDB tools:&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongoimport/#bin.mongoimport" rel="nofollow"><code>mongoimport</code></a>&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/bsondump/#bin.bsondump" rel="nofollow"><code>bsondump</code></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongodump/#bin.mongodump" rel="nofollow"><code>mongodump</code></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongoexport/#bin.mongoexport" rel="nofollow"><code>mongoexport</code></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongofiles/#bin.mongofiles" rel="nofollow"><code>mongofiles</code></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/#bin.mongorestore" rel="nofollow"><code>mongorestore</code></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongostat/#bin.mongostat" rel="nofollow"><code>mongostat</code></a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongotop/#bin.mongotop" rel="nofollow"><code>mongotop</code></a>.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### Install MongoDB Community Edition ###

NOTE

To install a different version of MongoDB, please refer to that version’s documentation. To install the previous version, see the tutorial for version [3.6][].

This installation guide only supports 64-bit systems. See [Supported Platforms][] for more information.

NOTE

You can also spin up MongoDB on AWS, Azure, or GCP using Atlas, our fully-managed database-as-a-service. Atlas enables you to configure anything from a free sandbox environment to a globally sharded production cluster. [Set up a free cluster now][].

#### Using `.rpm` Packages (Recommended) ####

Configure the package management system (`yum`).

Create a `/etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.0.repo` file so that you can install MongoDB directly using `yum`:

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[mongodb-org-4.0]
    name=MongoDB Repository
    baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.0/x86_64/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=1
    gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.0.asc

NOTE

You can find `.repo` files for each release [in the repository itself][]. Odd-numbered minor release versions (e.g. 3.5) are development versions and are unsuitable for production use.

Install the MongoDB packages.

To install the latest stable version of MongoDB, issue the following command:

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sudo yum install -y mongodb-org

To install a specific release of MongoDB, specify each component package individually and append the version number to the package name, as in the following example:

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sudo yum install -y mongodb-org-4.0.10 mongodb-org-server-4.0.10 mongodb-org-shell-4.0.10 mongodb-org-mongos-4.0.10 mongodb-org-tools-4.0.10

You can specify any available version of MongoDB. However `yum` upgrades the packages when a newer version becomes available. To prevent unintended upgrades, pin the package. To pin a package, add the following `exclude` directive to your `/etc/yum.conf` file:

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exclude=mongodb-org,mongodb-org-server,mongodb-org-shell,mongodb-org-mongos,mongodb-org-tools

#### Using Tarballs ####

Prerequisites

MongoDB `.tar.gz` tarballs require installing the following dependencies:

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yum install libcurl openssl

Procedure

Download the MongoDB `.tar.gz` tarball.

Download the tarball for your system from the [MongoDB Download Center][].

Extract the files from the downloaded archive.

For example, from a system shell, you can extract using the `tar` command:

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tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-*-4.0.10.tgz

Ensure the binaries are in a directory listed in your `PATH` environment variable.

The MongoDB binaries are in the `bin/` directory of the tarball. You must either:

*  Copy these binaries into a directory listed in your `PATH` variable such as `/usr/local/bin`,
 *  Create symbolic links to each of these binaries from a directory listed in your `PATH` variable, or
 *  Modify your user’s `PATH` environment variable to include this directory.

For example, you can add the following line to your shell’s initialization script (e.g. `~/.bashrc`):

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export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH

Replace `<mongodb-install-directory>` with the path to the extracted MongoDB archive.

### Run MongoDB Community Edition ###

#### Prerequisites ####

ulimit

Most Unix-like operating systems limit the system resources that a session may use. These limits may negatively impact MongoDB operation. See [UNIX ulimit Settings][] for more information.

Directory Paths

To Use Default Directories

By default, MongoDB runs using the `mongod` user account and uses the following default directories:

*  `/var/lib/mongo` (the data directory)
 *  `/var/log/mongodb` (the log directory)

➤ If you installed via the package manager,

The default directories are created, and the owner and group for these directories are set to `mongod`.

➤ If you installed by downloading the tarballs,

The default MongoDB directories are not created. To create the MongoDB data and log directories:

TIP

Depending on your user permission, you may need to use `sudo` to perform these operations.

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mkdir -p /var/lib/mongo
    mkdir -p /var/log/mongodb

By default, MongoDB runs using the `mongod` user account. Once created, set the owner and group of these directories to `mongod`:

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chown -R mongod:mongod <directory>

To Use Non-Default Directories

To use a data directory and/or log directory other than the default directories:

TIP

Depending on your user permission, you may need to use `sudo` to perform these operations.

1.  Create the new directory or directories.
2.  Edit the the configuration file `/etc/mongod.conf` and modify the following fields accordingly:
    
     *  [`storage.dbPath`][storage.dbPath] to specify a new data directory path (e.g. `/some/data/directory`)
     *  [`systemLog.path`][systemLog.path] to specify a new log file path (e.g. `/some/log/directory/mongod.log`)
3.  Ensure that the user running MongoDB has access to the directory or directories:
    
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        chown -R mongod:mongod <directory>
    
    If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you **must** give the new user access to these directories.
4.  Configure SELinux if enforced. See [Configure SELinux][].

Configure SELinux

IMPORTANT

If SELinux is in `enforcing` mode, you must configure SELinux for MongoDB if:

*  You are **not** using the default MongoDB directories (for RHEL 7.0), and/or
 *  You are **not** using [default MongoDB ports][].

Non-Default MongoDB Directory Path(s)

1.  Update the SELinux policy to allow the `mongod` service to use the new directory:
    
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        semanage fcontext -a -t <type> </some/MongoDB/directory.*>
    
    where specify one of the following types as appropriate:
    
     *  `mongod_var_lib_t` for data directory
     *  `mongod_log_t` for log file directory
     *  `mongod_var_run_t` for pid file directory
    
    NOTE
    
    Be sure to include the `.*` at the end of the directory.
2.  Update the SELinux user policy for the new directory:
    
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        chcon -Rv -u system_u -t <type> </some/MongoDB/directory>
    
    where specify one of the following types as appropriate:
    
     *  `mongod_var_lib_t` for data directory
     *  `mongod_log_t` for log directory
     *  `mongod_var_run_t` for pid file directory
3.  Apply the updated SELinux policies to the directory:
    
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        restorecon -R -v </some/MongoDB/directory>

For examples:

TIP

*  Depending on your user permission, you may need to use `sudo` to perform these operations.
 *  Be sure to include the `.*` at the end of the directory for the `semanage fcontext` operations.

*  If using a non-default MongoDB data path of `/mongodb/data`:
    
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        semanage fcontext -a -t mongod_var_lib_t '/mongodb/data.*'
        chcon -Rv -u system_u -t mongod_var_lib_t '/mongodb/data'
        restorecon -R -v '/mongodb/data'
 *  If using a non-default MongoDB log directory of `/mongodb/log` (e.g. if the log file path is `/mongodb/log/mongod.log`):
    
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        semanage fcontext -a -t mongod_log_t '/mongodb/log.*'
        chcon -Rv -u system_u -t mongod_log_t '/mongodb/log'
        restorecon -R -v '/mongodb/log'

Non-Default MongoDB Ports

TIP

Depending on your user permission, you may need to use `sudo` to perform the operation.

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semanage port -a -t mongod_port_t -p tcp <portnumber>

*Optional.* Suppress `FTDC` Warnings

The current SELINUX Policy does not allow the MongoDB process to open and read `/proc/net/netstat`for [Diagnostic Parameters][] (FTDC). As such, the audit log may include numerous messages regarding lack of access to this path.

To track the proposed fix, see [https://github.com/fedora-selinux/selinux-policy-contrib/pull/79][https_github.com_fedora-selinux_selinux-policy-contrib_pull_79].

Optionally, as a temporary fix, you can manually adjust the SELinux Policy:

1.  Create a policy file `mongodb_proc_net.te`:
    
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        cat > mongodb_proc_net.te <<EOF
        module mongodb_proc_net 1.0;
        
        require {
            type proc_net_t;
            type mongod_t;
            class file { open read };
        }
        
        #============= mongod_t ==============
        allow mongod_t proc_net_t:file { open read };
        EOF
2.  Once created, compile and load the custom policy module
    
    TIP
    
    Depending on your user permission, you may need to use `sudo` to perform the `semodule`operation.
    
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        checkmodule -M -m -o mongodb_proc_net.mod mongodb_proc_net.te
        semodule_package -o mongodb_proc_net.pp -m mongodb_proc_net.mod
        semodule -i mongodb_proc_net.pp

#### Procedure ####

Start MongoDB.

You can start the [`mongod`][mongod] process by issuing the following command:

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sudo service mongod start

Verify that MongoDB has started successfully

You can verify that the [`mongod`][mongod] process has started successfully by checking the contents of the log file at`/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log` for a line reading

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[initandlisten] waiting for connections on port <port>

where `<port>` is the port configured in `/etc/mongod.conf`, `27017` by default.

You can optionally ensure that MongoDB will start following a system reboot by issuing the following command:

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sudo chkconfig mongod on

Stop MongoDB.

As needed, you can stop the [`mongod`][mongod] process by issuing the following command:

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sudo service mongod stop

Restart MongoDB.

You can restart the [`mongod`][mongod] process by issuing the following command:

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sudo service mongod restart

You can follow the state of the process for errors or important messages by watching the output in the `/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log` file.

Begin using MongoDB.

Start a [`mongo`][mongo] shell on the same host machine as the [`mongod`][mongod]. You can run the [`mongo`][mongo] shell without any command-line options to connect to a [`mongod`][mongod] that is running on your localhost with default port 27017:

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mongo

For more information on connecting using the [`mongo`][mongo] shell, such as to connect to a [`mongod`][mongod] instance running on a different host and/or port, see [The mongo Shell][].

To help you start using MongoDB, MongoDB provides [Getting Started Guides][] in various driver editions. See [Getting Started][Getting Started Guides] for the available editions.

### Uninstall MongoDB Community Edition ###

To completely remove MongoDB from a system, you must remove the MongoDB applications themselves, the configuration files, and any directories containing data and logs. The following section guides you through the necessary steps.

WARNING

This process will *completely* remove MongoDB, its configuration, and *all* databases. This process is not reversible, so ensure that all of your configuration and data is backed up before proceeding.

#### Stop MongoDB. ####

Stop the [`mongod`][mongod] process by issuing the following command:

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sudo service mongod stop

#### Remove Packages. ####

Remove any MongoDB packages that you had previously installed.

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sudo yum erase $(rpm -qa | grep mongodb-org)

#### Remove Data Directories. ####

Remove MongoDB databases and log files.

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sudo rm -r /var/log/mongodb
    sudo rm -r /var/lib/mongo

← [Install MongoDB Community Edition on Linux][]

[Overview]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#overview
[Packages]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#packages
[Install MongoDB Community Edition]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#install-mongodb-community-edition
[Run MongoDB Community Edition]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#run-mongodb-community-edition
[Uninstall MongoDB Community Edition]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#uninstall-mongodb-community-edition
[1]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#oracle-linux
[Supported Platforms]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/installation/#mongodb-supported-platforms
[https_github.com_Microsoft_WSL_issues_3286]: https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/3286
[https_github.com_Microsoft_WSL_issues_796]: https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/796
[Production Notes]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/administration/production-notes/
[3.6]: https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.6/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/
[Set up a free cluster now]: https://www.mongodb.com/cloud/atlas?utm_source=install-mongodb-on-red-hat&utm_campaign=20-docs-in-20-days&utm_medium=docs
[in the repository itself]: https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/
[MongoDB Download Center]: https://www.mongodb.com/download-center?jmp=docs#production
[UNIX ulimit Settings]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/ulimit/
[storage.dbPath]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/configuration-options/#storage.dbPath
[systemLog.path]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/configuration-options/#systemLog.path
[Configure SELinux]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/#install-rhel-configure-selinux
[default MongoDB ports]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/default-mongodb-port/
[Diagnostic Parameters]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/parameters/#param-ftdc
[https_github.com_fedora-selinux_selinux-policy-contrib_pull_79]: https://github.com/fedora-selinux/selinux-policy-contrib/pull/79
[mongod]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongod/#bin.mongod
[mongo]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/program/mongo/#bin.mongo
[The mongo Shell]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/mongo/
[Getting Started Guides]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/getting-started/#getting-started
[Install MongoDB Community Edition on Linux]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/administration/install-on-linux/