Centos 安装Vsftpd

小鱼儿 2023-10-18 15:20 122阅读 0赞

#### 1. 安装VSFTP ####

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpd</code> </td> 
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#### 2. 配置vsftpd.conf文件 ####

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

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 <td> 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 </td> 
 <td> <code># Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf </code> <code># </code> <code># The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file </code> <code># loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. </code> <code># Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. </code> <code># </code> <code># READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. </code> <code># Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's </code> <code># capabilities. </code> <code># </code> <code># Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). </code> <code>#anonymous_enable=YES</code> <code># </code> <code># Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. </code> <code>local_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. </code> <code>write_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, </code> <code># if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) </code> <code>local_umask=022 </code> <code># </code> <code># Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only </code> <code># has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will </code> <code># obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. </code> <code>#anon_upload_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create </code> <code># new directories. </code> <code>#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they </code> <code># go into a certain directory. </code> <code>dirmessage_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. </code> <code># This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter </code> <code>xferlog_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). </code> <code>connect_from_port_20=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by </code> <code># a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not </code> <code># recommended! </code> <code>#chown_uploads=YES</code> &nbsp; <code>#chown_username=whoever </code> <code># </code> <code># The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES </code> <code># WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log </code> <code>#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog </code> <code># </code> <code># Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. </code> <code># NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file </code> <code>xferlog_std_format=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. </code> <code>idle_session_timeout=600 </code> <code># </code> <code># You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. </code> <code>data_connection_timeout=120 </code> <code># </code> <code># It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the </code> <code># ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. </code> <code>#nopriv_user=ftpsecure </code> <code># </code> <code># Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not </code> <code># recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, </code> <code># however, may confuse older FTP clients. </code> <code>#async_abor_enable=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore </code> <code># the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII </code> <code># mangling on files when in ASCII mode. </code> <code># Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service </code> <code># attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd </code> <code># predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the </code> <code># raw file. </code> <code># ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. </code> <code>ascii_upload_enable=YES</code> <code>ascii_download_enable=YES</code> &nbsp; <code># </code> <code># You may fully customise the login banner string: </code> <code>ftpd_banner=Welcome to lightnear FTP service. </code> <code># </code> <code># You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently </code> <code># useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. </code> <code>#deny_email_enable=YES </code> <code># (default follows) </code> <code>#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails </code> <code># </code> <code># You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home </code> <code># directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of </code> <code># users to NOT chroot(). </code> <code>chroot_local_user=YES </code> <code>#chroot_list_enable=YES </code> <code># (default follows) </code> <code>#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list </code> <code># </code> <code># You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by </code> <code># default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large </code> <code># sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume </code> <code># the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. </code> <code>ls_recurse_enable=YES</code> <code># </code> <code># When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and </code> <code># listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction </code> <code># with the listen_ipv6 directive. </code> <code>listen=YES </code> <code># </code> <code># This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 </code> <code># sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. </code> <code># Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! </code> <code>#listen_ipv6=YES</code> &nbsp; <code>pam_service_name=vsftpd </code> <code>userlist_enable=YES </code> <code>userlist_deny=NO </code> <code>local_root=/var/public_root </code> <code>tcp_wrappers=YES</code> <code>use_localtime=YES</code> </td> 
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#### 3. 增加FTP帐户 ####

这里设置的账户名为“cent”,密码为“cent”

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# useradd cent -s /sbin/nologin</code> <code>[root@localhost ~]# passwd cent</code> </td> 
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#### 4. 编辑user\_list文件，允许cent用户访问FTP ####

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> </td> 
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 <td> 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 </td> 
 <td> <code># vsftpd userlist</code> <code># If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file</code> <code># If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and</code> <code># do not even prompt for a password.</code> <code># Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers</code> <code># for users that are denied.</code> <code>root</code> <code>bin</code> <code>daemon</code> <code>adm</code> <code>lp</code> <code>sync</code> <code>shutdown</code> <code>halt</code> <code>mail</code> <code>news</code> <code>uucp</code> <code>operator</code> <code>games</code> <code>nobody</code> <code>cent</code> </td> 
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#### 5. 建立我们的根目录，并设置访问权限 ####

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/public_root</code> <code>[root@localhost ~]# chown -R cent /var/public_root</code> <code>[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /var/public_root</code> </td> 
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#### 6. 开启vsftpd服务 ####

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# service vsftpd start</code> </td> 
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#### 7.默认开启vsftp服务 ####

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 <td> <code>[root@localhost var]# chkconfig vsftpd on</code> </td> 
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遇到问题一：vsftpd 530 Login incorrect

/etc/pam.d/vsftpd 默认如下

# Standard behaviour for ftpd(8).
    auth   required        pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers 
    onerr=succeed
    # Note: vsftpd handles anonymous logins on its own. Do not enable pam_ftp.so.
    # Standard pam includes
    @include common-account
    @include common-session
    @include common-auth
    auth   required        pam_shells.so

导致530错误的原因有：  
`auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed`

含义：该配置项的含义是 /etc/ftpusers 中的用户禁止登陆，如果文件不存在在默认所有用户均允许登录. 所以确保用户没在这个文件内。  
  
`auth required pam_shells.so`

`含义：`仅允许用户的shell为 /etc/shells文件内的shell命令时，才能够成功。

解决办法：1、确保新增用户不在`/etc/ftpusers 文件中`

2、注销`auth required pam_shells.so 这行代码`

`遇到问题二：`500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()

问题含义：限定了用户不能跳出其主目录之后，使用其他用户登入时提示该错误。

解决办法：编辑vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件，追加如下代码片段：

allow_writeable_chroot=YES