Linux cp命令无法强制覆盖

末蓝、 2023-10-18 11:32 69阅读 0赞

> 在Linux系统里面,使用`cp`可以拷贝文件, 遇到覆盖的文件会提示是否覆盖, 这是出于安全考虑.  
> 但是如果我们明知需要覆盖并且需要拷贝多个文件或目录的时候,只能单条操作,比较麻烦.

##### cp参数 #####

查看`cp`的参数:

[root@bob ~]# cp --help
    Usage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
      or:  cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
      or:  cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
    Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
      
      -a, --archive                same as -dR --preserve=all
          --attributes-only        don't copy the file data, just the attributes
          --backup[=CONTROL]       make a backup of each existing destination file
      -b                           like --backup but does not accept an argument
          --copy-contents          copy contents of special files when recursive
      -d                           same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
      -f, --force                  if an existing destination file cannot be
                                     opened, remove it and try again (this option
                                     is ignored when the -n option is also used)
      -i, --interactive            prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
                                      option)
      -H                           follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
      -l, --link                   hard link files instead of copying
      -L, --dereference            always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
      -n, --no-clobber             do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
                                     a previous -i option)
      -P, --no-dereference         never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
      -p                           same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
          --preserve[=ATTR_LIST]   preserve the specified attributes (default:
                                     mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
                                     additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
                                     all
      -c                           deprecated, same as --preserve=context
          --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST  don't preserve the specified attributes
          --parents                use full source file name under DIRECTORY
      -R, -r, --recursive          copy directories recursively
          --reflink[=WHEN]         control clone/CoW copies. See below
          --remove-destination     remove each existing destination file before
                                     attempting to open it (contrast with --force)
          --sparse=WHEN            control creation of sparse files. See below
          --strip-trailing-slashes  remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
                                     argument
      -s, --symbolic-link          make symbolic links instead of copying
      -S, --suffix=SUFFIX          override the usual backup suffix
      -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY  copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
      -T, --no-target-directory    treat DEST as a normal file
      -u, --update                 copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
                                     than the destination file or when the
                                     destination file is missing
      -v, --verbose                explain what is being done
      -x, --one-file-system        stay on this file system
      -Z                           set SELinux security context of destination
                                     file to default type
          --context[=CTX]          like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the
                                     SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX
          --help     display this help and exit
          --version  output version information and exit

##### 强制拷贝 #####

其中`-f (--force)`就是强制覆盖不提示.  
命令如下:

cp -f xxx /opt/www/xxx

但实际执行的时候依然会提示是否覆盖.原因是为了安全考虑,系统把`cp`命令加了个参数`-i` 提示,可以查看`alias`

[root@bob ~]# alias
    alias cp='cp -i'

除了`cp`还有`mv`,`rm`两个命令都是这样处理的.

##### 解决方法 #####

###### 方法1： ######

[root@bob ~]# vi ~/.bashrc

在`alias cp=’cp -i’`前加上`#`注释掉这行，`:wq`保存退出，然后重新登陆就可以了。

###### 方法2： ######

拷贝时加`\`,如