【LFS-Linux From Scratch】构建LFS系统

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2023-10-17 16:14 9阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

接[【LFS-Linux From Scratch】LFS系统编译][LFS-Linux From Scratch_LFS]文。

这里开始真正的系统创建。

开始之前要重新chroot，具体的命令下：

mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
    mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
    mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
    mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
    mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
    chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin /bin/bash --login

注意跟之前chroot不同的是/usr/bin/env而不再是/tools/bin/env了。

当然除了chroot，mount硬盘之类的操作也还需要。

## 安装启动脚本 ##

将lfs-bootscripts-20150222.tar.bz2解压到/etc目录下并进入解压后的目录。

运行如下的命令：

make install

结果如下：

root:/etc/lfs-bootscripts-20150222# make install
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc1.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/rcS.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/rc.d/init.d
    install -d -m 755  /etc/sysconfig
    install -d -m 755  /lib
    install -d -m 755  /lib/services
    install -d -m 755  /usr/share/man/man8
    install -d -m 755  /sbin
    ln -sfn       services    /lib/lsb
    ln -sfn       rc.d/init.d /etc/init.d
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/checkfs       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/cleanfs       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/halt          /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/console       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/localnet      /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/modules       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/mountfs       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/mountvirtfs   /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/network       /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/rc            /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/reboot        /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/sendsignals   /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/setclock      /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/swap          /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/sysctl        /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/sysklogd      /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/template      /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/udev          /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/init.d/udev_retry    /etc/rc.d/init.d/
    install -m 754 lfs/sbin/ifup            /sbin
    install -m 754 lfs/sbin/ifdown          /sbin
    install -m 644 lfs/sbin/ifup.8      /usr/share/man/man8
    ln -sf  ifup.8                              /usr/share/man/man8/ifdown.8
    install -m 754     lfs/lib/services/ipv4-static-route  /lib/services
    install -m 754     lfs/lib/services/ipv4-static        /lib/services
    install -m 644 lfs/lib/services/init-functions     /lib/services
    if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/createfiles ]; then \
              install -m 644 lfs/sysconfig/createfiles /etc/sysconfig/ ;\
            fi
    if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/modules     ]; then \
              install -m 644 lfs/sysconfig/modules     /etc/sysconfig/ ;\
            fi
    if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/udev_retry  ]; then \
              install -m 644 lfs/sysconfig/udev_retry  /etc/sysconfig/ ;\
            fi
    if [ ! -f /etc/sysconfig/rc.site     ]; then \
              install -m 644 lfs/sysconfig/rc.site     /etc/sysconfig/ ;\
            fi
    ln -sf ../init.d/mountvirtfs /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S00mountvirtfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/modules     /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S05modules
    ln -sf ../init.d/localnet    /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S08localnet
    ln -sf ../init.d/udev        /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S10udev
    ln -sf ../init.d/swap        /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S20swap
    ln -sf ../init.d/checkfs     /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S30checkfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/mountfs     /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S40mountfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/cleanfs     /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S45cleanfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/udev_retry  /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S50udev_retry
    ln -sf ../init.d/console     /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S70console
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysctl      /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S90sysctl
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K80network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K90sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/sendsignals /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/S60sendsignals
    ln -sf ../init.d/swap        /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/S65swap
    ln -sf ../init.d/mountfs     /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/S70mountfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/localnet    /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/S90localnet
    ln -sf ../init.d/halt        /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/S99halt
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K80network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K90sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K80network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K90sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S10sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S20network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S10sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S20network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S10sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S20network
    ln -sf ../init.d/network     /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K80network
    ln -sf ../init.d/sysklogd    /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K90sysklogd
    ln -sf ../init.d/sendsignals /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S60sendsignals
    ln -sf ../init.d/swap        /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S65swap
    ln -sf ../init.d/mountfs     /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S70mountfs
    ln -sf ../init.d/localnet    /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S90localnet
    ln -sf ../init.d/reboot      /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S99reboot

可以看到主要是安装了rc.d和sysconfig。

## 设备相关的操作 ##

下面介绍设备相关的操作。

### 创建默认的udev规则 ###

![20171008005835730][]

### 网络配置 ###

cd /etc/sysconfig/
    cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
    ONBOOT=yes
    IFACE=eth0
    SERVICE=ipv4-static
    IP=192.168.1.2
    GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
    PREFIX=24
    BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
    EOF
    
    cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/resolv.conf
    domain <Your Domain Name>
    nameserver 8.8.8.8
    nameserver 8.8.4.4
    # End /etc/resolv.conf
    EOF
    
    echo "lfs" > /etc/hostname
    
    cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
    127.0.0.1	localhost
    127.0.1.1	lfs
    # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)
    EOF

这里的有些配置是参考手册的，有些是参考原本机器上的，现在还不确定是否有问题。

### System V启动脚本配置 ###

创建/etc/inittab文件：

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/inittab
    
    id:3:initdefault:
    
    si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
    
    l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
    l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
    l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
    l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
    l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
    l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
    l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
    
    ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
    
    su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
    
    1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
    2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
    3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
    4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
    5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
    6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
    
    # End /etc/inittab
    EOF

创建/etc/sysconfig/clock文件：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
    
    UTC=1
    
    # Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
    # such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
    CLOCKPARAMS=
    
    # End /etc/sysconfig/clock
    EOF

创建/etc/sysconfig/console文件：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
    
    KEYMAP="pl2"
    FONT="lat2a-16 -m 8859-2"
    
    # End /etc/sysconfig/console
    EOF

通过/etc/sysconfig/rc.site可以修改启动的配置。  
  
创建/etc/profile文件：

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/profile
    
    export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
    
    # End /etc/profile
    EOF

这里的LANG是在编译服务器上通过echo $LANG获取到的。

创建/etc/inputrc文件：

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/inputrc
    # Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>
    
    # Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
    set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
    
    # Enable 8bit input
    set meta-flag On
    set input-meta On
    
    # Turns off 8th bit stripping
    set convert-meta Off
    
    # Keep the 8th bit for display
    set output-meta On
    
    # none, visible or audible
    set bell-style none
    
    # All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
    # contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
    "\eOd": backward-word
    "\eOc": forward-word
    
    # for linux console
    "\e[1~": beginning-of-line
    "\e[4~": end-of-line
    "\e[5~": beginning-of-history
    "\e[6~": end-of-history
    "\e[3~": delete-char
    "\e[2~": quoted-insert
    
    # for xterm
    "\eOH": beginning-of-line
    "\eOF": end-of-line
    
    # for Konsole
    "\e[H": beginning-of-line
    "\e[F": end-of-line
    
    # End /etc/inputrc
    EOF

创建/etc/shalls文件：

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/shells
    
    /bin/sh
    /bin/bash
    
    # End /etc/shells
    EOF

## 让LFS系统可启动 ##

创建/etc/fstab文件：

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/fstab
    
    # file system mount-point type options dump fsck
    #
    /dev/sda2  /         ext4      defaults             1  1
    /dev/sda1  swap      swap      pri=1                0  0
    proc       /proc     proc      nosuid,noexec,nodev  0  0
    sysfs      /sys      sysfs     nosuid,noexec,nodev  0  0
    devpts     /dev/pts  devpts    gid=5,mode=620       0  0
    tmpfs      /run      tmpfs     defaults             0  0
    devtmpfs   /dev      devtmpfs  mode=0755,nosuid     0  0
    
    
    # End /etc/fstab
    EOF

这里的/dev/sdcx和ext4是根据实际情况确定的。

## 内核编译 ##

1. 首先解压linux-4.9.9.tar.xz，并进入该目录；

2. 运行make mrproper；

3. 创建默认的config文件：make defconfig；

4. 执行make menuconfig进行一些配置；

5. make编译；

6. make modules\_install；

7. 文件拷贝：

cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0
    cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-4.9.9
    cp -v .config /boot/config-4.9.9
    install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
    cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9

其他的一些配置：

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
    
    cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
    
    install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
    install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true
    
    # End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
    EOF

grub安装和配置：

grub-install /dev/sdc -d /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/
    
    cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
    # Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    set default=0
    set timeout=5
    
    insmod ext4
    set root=(hd0,2)
    menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.9.9-lfs-8.0" {
      linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0 root=/dev/sda2 ro
    }
    EOF

这里root= insmod之后的值可能需要根据实际情况更改的。

## 尾声 ##

以上是LFS系统构建的所有内容。

之后是一些收尾的操作：

1. 设定版本：

echo 8.0 > /etc/lfs-release
    
    cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
    DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
    DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.0"
    DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>"
    DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
    EOF

2. 退出系统：

logout
    umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
    umount -v $LFS/dev
    umount -v $LFS/run
    umount -v $LFS/proc
    umount -v $LFS/sys
    umount -v $LFS
    shutdown -r now

[LFS-Linux From Scratch_LFS]: http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0512/article/details/77418037
[20171008005835730]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171008005835730