Android 单元测试之Roboletric RxJava、Retrofit、访问真实网络、虚拟服务器

短命女 2023-10-17 08:31 2阅读 0赞

## Android 单元测试之Roboletric RxJava、Retrofit、访问真实网络、虚拟服务器 ##

[Android 单元测试之JUnit和Mockito][Android _JUnit_Mockito]  
[Android 单元测试之Roboletric 环境配置][Android _Roboletric]  
[Android 单元测试之Roboletric的简单使用][Android _Roboletric 1]  
[Android 单元测试之Roboletric RxJava、Retrofit、访问真实网络、虚拟服务器][Android _Roboletric RxJava_Retrofit]  
[Android 单元测试之Espresso - Google官方UI测试框架][Android _Espresso - Google_UI]

### 添加依赖 ###

android {
        ...
        configurations.all {
            resolutionStrategy {
                force 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.1.1'
            }
        }
    }
    
    dependencies {
        ...
        testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
        testCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.1.2'
        testCompile 'org.khronos:opengl-api:gl1.1-android-2.1_r1'
        testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:1.3'
        testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-all:2.0.2-beta'
        testCompile 'org.robolectric:shadows-httpclient:3.0'
        testCompile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:mockwebserver:3.4.1'
        compile 'org.robolectric:shadows-core-v23:3.1.2'
    
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.1.1'
        compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.9'
        compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.2.1'
        compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.1.1'
        compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'  
        compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-urlconnection:3.4.1'
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit-converters:2.1.0'
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.1.0'
    }

### RxJava测试 ###

RxJava专门提供了一个TestSubscriber，方便测试

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
    @Config(constants = BuildConfig.class, sdk = 21)
    public class MockitoTest {
        @Test
        public void MocksTest() {
            TestSubscriber<Bean> testSubscriber = new TestSubscriber<>();
            getMocks().subscribe(testSubscriber);
            assertThat(testSubscriber.getOnNextEvents().size(), is(3));
        }
    
        private Observable<Bean> getMocks() {
            return Observable.just(new Bean(), new Bean(), new Bean());
        }
    }

### 虚拟服务器之FakeHttp ###

@Test
    public void reposTest1() throws IOException {
    
        String mockJsonResult =
                "[{\"id\":19669199,\"name....省略}]";
        FakeHttp.addPendingHttpResponse(200, mockJsonResult);
    
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
        HttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(httpGet);
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
        System.out.print(result);
        assertThat(result, is(mockJsonResult));
    }

### 虚拟服务器之MockWebServer ###

@Test
    public void MockServerTest() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // 1. 创建服务器
        MockWebServer server = new MockWebServer();
    
        // 2. 添加预置的响应，响应会按照先进先出的顺序依次返回
        server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("i am ethanco"));
        server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(404).setBody("not found")); //按顺序返回，即如果请求两次，第二次就会返回这个
        server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(503).setBody("hello, world!")); //第三次返回这个
    
        // 3. 启动服务器
        server.start();
    
        // 4. 获取请求 url，不能使用普通的 URL，一定要使用 server.url() 返回的 URL，不然没法进入 Mock 服务器
        HttpUrl baseUrl = server.url("/reg1");
    
        //5.发送请求
        URL url = new URL(baseUrl.url().toString());
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
    
        assertEquals(200, conn.getResponseCode());
    
        InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
        //把流转化为文本信息  String
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        String result = bos.toString();
        bos.close();
        is.close();
    
        System.out.println(result);
    
        // server.takeRequest() 是一个阻塞操作，直到接收到请求
        RecordedRequest request1 = server.takeRequest();
    
        //这里可以查看服务器获取的请求信息，可以查看 http 报文头之类的协议信息
        assertEquals("/reg1", request1.getPath());
    
        server.shutdown();
    }

> FakeHttp和MockWebServer都可以模拟服务器进行测试，从而提高开发速度。但推荐使用MockWebServer，因为FakeHttp只支持AndroidHttpClient，而MockWebServer支持所有的网络访问库，包括Retrofit。

### 通过真实网络访问数据 ###

在此处使用Retrofit

public interface APIService {
        @GET("/users/{user}/repos")
        public Call<List<Repo>> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
    
        @GET("/users/{user}/repos")
        public Observable<List<Repo>> listRepos2Observable(@Path("user") String user);
    }

访问网络

@Before
    public void setUp() {
        apiService = RetrofitFactory.getInstance().createRetrofit("https://api.github.com").create(APIService.class);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void reposTest2() {
        List<Repo> list = null;
        try {
            list = apiService.listRepos("devinshine").execute().body();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        assertThat(list.size(), is(not(0)));
        System.out.print(list.size());
    }
    
    @Test
    public void reposTestByObservable() {
        int size = apiService.listRepos2Observable("devinshine")
                .flatMap(Observable::from)
                .count()
                .toBlocking()
                .single();
        assertThat(size, is(not(0)));
        System.out.print(size);
    }

**可能出现的错误**

java.lang.AssertionError

解决方法

设置@Config(sdk = 23)

具体请看 [issues][]

### 其他 ###

在Android中有[assertj-android][]

是一组面向测试Android AssertJ断言。这个库的扩展于AssertJ，旨在使其更容易测试 Android。

可以用这个代替原生的assert

#### [源码Demo][Demo] ####

[Android _JUnit_Mockito]: http://blog.csdn.net/ethanco/article/details/52330481
[Android _Roboletric]: http://blog.csdn.net/EthanCo/article/details/52350019
[Android _Roboletric 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/ethanco/article/details/52350041
[Android _Roboletric RxJava_Retrofit]: http://blog.csdn.net/ethanco/article/details/52350033
[Android _Espresso - Google_UI]: http://blog.csdn.net/ethanco/article/details/52350050
[issues]: https://github.com/square/okhttp/issues/2591
[assertj-android]: https://github.com/square/assertj-android
[Demo]: https://github.com/EthanCo/AndroidTesting