Android 有线网络静态属性配置

电玩女神 2023-10-15 12:51 11阅读 0赞

## Android 有线网络静态属性配置 ##

**本篇主要涉及Android 7【SDK 25】以上系统应用，设置有线网络的静态IP、子网掩码、网关等属性设置；**

有线网络提供了管理类`EthernetManager`，获取开关状态、获取有线网络信息、设置`动态IP` `静态IP` `子网掩码` `网关Ip`获取都通过它，在标准的`Android`接口中，`EthernetManager`是隐藏的，所以在`Framework`没有放开的情况下，只能通过Java反射的形式进行调用，下面就先了解相关的`API`和方法。

> 注意：反射EthernetManager的前提是你的应用是系统级应用，否则反射的时候会报缺少权限，即使在AndroidManifest.xml清单里面配了也无济于事

### 1、介绍framework层网络配置相关类 ###

package android.net;
    
    
    @SystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)
    public class ConnectivityManager {
        
        
        /**
         * Create a new EthernetManager instance.
         * Applications will almost always want to use
         * {@link android.content.Context#getSystemService Context.getSystemService()} to retrieve
         * the standard {@link android.content.Context#ETHERNET_SERVICE Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE}.
         */
        public EthernetManager(Context context, IEthernetManager service) {
        
            mContext = context;
            mService = service;
        }
       	/*
       	 *  阅读framework源码，我们发现ConnectivityManager的构造函数，需要两个参数
       	 * 最重要一个是IEthernetManager，是一个系统服务，那么说明在Android SDK里面，肯定会有个service Tag可以直接可以获得EthernetManager
        */
        
            /**
         * Get Ethernet configuration.
         * @return the Ethernet Configuration, contained in {@link IpConfiguration}.
         */
        public IpConfiguration getConfiguration(String iface) {
        
            try {
        
                return mService.getConfiguration(iface);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
        
                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
        }
        /*
         * 	getConfiguration 获取iface网卡的配置
        */
      	
    
        /**
         * Set Ethernet configuration.
         */
        public void setConfiguration(String iface, IpConfiguration config) {
        
            try {
        
                mService.setConfiguration(iface, config);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
        
                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
        }
       	 /*
         * setConfiguration 设置iface网卡的配置
         * IpConfiguration 一个网卡配置信息的类，也是android.net这个包下面的
        */
    }

--------------------

首先先介绍一下`android.net.IpConfiguration` 这个类的所有字段的含义

package android.net;
    
    /**
     * A class representing a configured network.
     * @hide
     */
    public class IpConfiguration implements Parcelable {
        
    
        public IpAssignment ipAssignment;
    
        public StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration;
    
        public ProxySettings proxySettings;
    
        public ProxyInfo httpProxy;
        
    /*
    ipAssignment：表示 IP 地址分配的方式，可能的取值包括：
    
    IpAssignment.DHCP：通过 DHCP 自动分配 IP 地址。
    IpAssignment.STATIC：使用静态 IP 地址配置。
    IpAssignment.UNASSIGNED：未分配IP,可作为无效值。
    
    proxySettings：表示代理服务器设置，可能的取值包括：
    
    ProxySettings.NONE：不使用代理。
    ProxySettings.STATIC：使用静态代理设置。
    ProxySettings.PAC：根据 PAC (Proxy Auto-Config) 文件配置代理。
    ProxySettings.UNASSIGNED：未分配代理设置。
    
    */    
    }

当 `IpAssignment` 设置为静态时`STATIC`，则需要使用 StaticIpConfiguration 来进行设定 静态IP、掩码、网关和DNS；`StaticIpConfiguration`也是 android.net这个包下面的类

下面继续看 StaticIpConfiguration这个类的一些字段的含义

package android.net;
    
    import android.net.LinkAddress;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    
    
    /**
     * Class that describes static IP configuration.
     *
     * This class is different from LinkProperties because it represents
     * configuration intent. The general contract is that if we can represent
     * a configuration here, then we should be able to configure it on a network.
     * The intent is that it closely match the UI we have for configuring networks.
     *
     * In contrast, LinkProperties represents current state. It is much more
     * expressive. For example, it supports multiple IP addresses, multiple routes,
     * stacked interfaces, and so on. Because LinkProperties is so expressive,
     * using it to represent configuration intent as well as current state causes
     * problems. For example, we could unknowingly save a configuration that we are
     * not in fact capable of applying, or we could save a configuration that the
     * UI cannot display, which has the potential for malicious code to hide
     * hostile or unexpected configuration from the user: see, for example,
     * http://b/12663469 and http://b/16893413 .
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public class StaticIpConfiguration implements Parcelable {
        
        
        public LinkAddress ipAddress;
        public InetAddress gateway;
        public final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers;
        public String domains;
        
        
    /*
    ipAddress：表示静态 IP 地址。
    
    gateway：表示静态 IP 的默认网关。
    
    dnsServers：表示静态 IP 配置的 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址列表。
    
    domains：表示与静态 IP 配置相关的 DNS 搜索域。
    
    */    
    }

### 2、使用反射调用系统方法设置网络属性 ###

直接上完整调用的代码；

/**
         * 设置静态ip、子网掩码、网关
         * @param iFace 网卡名称，如：eth0
         * @param isDhcpMode 是否是DHCP模式
         * @param ip ip 地址 //当前不支持ipv6
         * @param mask 掩码
         * @param gateway 网关
         */
        public static void setStaticIpConfiguration(String iFace,boolean isDhcpMode,String ip,String mask,String gateway){
        
            try {
        
                //1| 获得EthernetManager
                Object objEthernetManager = AppGlobal.getApplicationContext().getSystemService("ethernet");
    
                //2| 构造 IpConfiguration的成员 IpAssignment ProxySettings StaticIpConfiguration ProxyInfo
                Class<?> aClass = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.NetworkUtils");
                Method numericToInetAddress = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("numericToInetAddress", String.class);
                numericToInetAddress.setAccessible(true);
                Class<?> classStaticIpConfiguration = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.StaticIpConfiguration");
                Object objStaticIpConfiguration = null;
                if (!isDhcpMode){
        
                    InetAddress ipV4InetAddress = (InetAddress) numericToInetAddress.invoke(null, ip);
                    InetAddress gatewayInetAddress = (InetAddress) numericToInetAddress.invoke(null, gateway);
                    objStaticIpConfiguration = classStaticIpConfiguration.newInstance();
                    ReflectHelper.setField(objStaticIpConfiguration, "ipAddress", createLinkAddress(ipV4InetAddress, CommonUtils.getNetmaskLength(mask)));
                    ReflectHelper.setField(objStaticIpConfiguration, "gateway", gatewayInetAddress);
                    OsduiLog.mtuiHintLog(TAG, "setStaticIpConfiguration objStaticIpConfiguration: " + objStaticIpConfiguration);
    
                }
    
                Class<?> classIpConfiguration = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.IpConfiguration");
                Class<?> classProxyInfo = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.ProxyInfo");
                Class<?> ipAssignment = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.IpConfiguration$IpAssignment");
                Class<?> proxySettings = ReflectHelper.getClass("android.net.IpConfiguration$ProxySettings");
    
                Object objIpAssignment = ReflectHelper.getField(ipAssignment, null, isDhcpMode? "DHCP":"STATIC");//设置DHCP模式
                Object objProxySettings = ReflectHelper.getField(proxySettings, null, "NONE");
                //3| 构造出 IpConfiguration
                Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = classIpConfiguration.getDeclaredConstructor(ipAssignment, proxySettings, classStaticIpConfiguration, classProxyInfo);
                Object objIpConfiguration = declaredConstructor.newInstance(objIpAssignment, objProxySettings, objStaticIpConfiguration, null);
                OsduiLog.mtuiHintLog(TAG, "setStaticIpConfiguration objIpConfiguration: " + objIpConfiguration);
    
                //4| 调用 EthernetManager里的setConfiguration方法
                ReflectHelper.invokeMethod(objEthernetManager,"setConfiguration",
                        new Class[]{
        String.class,classIpConfiguration},new Object[]{
        iFace,objIpConfiguration});
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

这里还涉及了一个 `android.net.NetworkUtils`，这个系统层直接提供的网络工具类，主要用于一个Int的ip转换成java.net.InetAddress 对象；如果不想用也可以自己构造出来;

> 这里还涉及了一个InetAddress转成LinkAddress方法，这里一并转换出来

private static LinkAddress createLinkAddress(InetAddress ipAddress, int prefixLength) {
        
            try {
        
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.net.LinkAddress");
                Class<?>[] parTypes = new Class<?>[2];
                parTypes[0] = InetAddress.class;
                parTypes[1] = int.class;
                Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor(parTypes);
    
                Object[] pars = new Object[2];
                pars[0] = ipAddress;
                pars[1] = prefixLength;
                return (LinkAddress) constructor.newInstance(pars);
            } catch (Exception e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }

有线网络是通过EthernetManager来设置静态网络属性，而无线网络则不需要这么复杂，但也需要用到StaticIpConfiguration，但本次不进行展开；如有需要请点赞收藏关注支持，后续会继续更新跟网络相关的内容，Android开发；

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