Selenium Web自动化实践案例，跟着敲代码真香

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2023-10-15 09:56 46阅读 0赞

### ![321c9a3f869d4817aca41fb1afeacb14.png][] ###

### 1 **项目背景** ###

https://passport.csdn.net/login CSDN登录页面

### 2 **功能实现** ###

**·** 自动运行用例

**·** 自动生成测试报告

**·** 自动断言与截图

**·** 自动将最新测试报告发送到指定邮箱

**·** 数据，页面元素分离

**·** PageObject+Unittest+ddt数据驱动用例

**·** 执行日志、分布式执行

### 3 **项目架构** ###

![353d30a6944f4611a81054829c827934.png][]

### 4 **浏览器Driver定义** ###

from common.readFile import ReadFile
    from common.logger import Logger
    from selenium import webdriver
    logger = Logger()
    from selenium.webdriver import Remote
    class Browser():
        def __init__(self):
            config = ReadFile()
            self.browser = config.readConfig("Browser", "browser")
            self.host = config.readConfig("host","host")
            logger.info("You had select {} host {} browser.".format(self.host,self.browser))
        def driver(self):
            """
            启动浏览器驱动
            :return: 返回浏览器驱动URL
            """
            try:
                # driver = webdriver.Chrome()
                driver = Remote(command_executor='http://' + self.host + '/wd/hub',
                                desired_capabilities={ 'platform': 'ANY',
                                                       'browserName': self.browser,
                                                       'version': "",
                                                       'javascriptEnabled': True
                                                    }
                                )
                return driver
            except Exception as msg:
                print("驱动异常-> {0}".format(msg))

### 5 **用例运行前后的环境准备工作** ###

import unittest
    from common.driver import Browser
    class StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
        def setUp(self):
            self.driver = Browser().driver()
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
            self.driver.maximize_window()
        def tearDown(self):
            self.driver.quit()

### 6 **工具方法模块** ###

主要封装一些公共的方法如：截图，查找最新报告。

import time
    from selenium import webdriver
    import os,sys
    sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))))
    from config import setting
    def inser_img(driver):
        # 指定截图存放的根目录路径
        screen_dir = setting.TEST_REPORT + '/imges/'
        rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
        screen_name = screen_dir + rq + '.png'
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name)
        print('screenshot:' + screen_name)
    #查找最新的测试报告
    def latest_report(report_dir):
        lists = os.listdir(report_dir)
        lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\\' + fn))
        file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
        return file
    def latest_report_img(report_dir):
        lists = os.listdir(report_dir)
        lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\\' + fn))
        file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
        return file

### 7 **Pageobject页面对象封装** ###

**基础页面类**

import time
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
    from common.logger import Logger
    from common.readFile import ReadFile
    logger = Logger()
    class BasePage():
        "定义一个页面基类，让所有页面都继承这个类，封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类"
        def __init__(self, driver):
            self.driver = driver
            config = ReadFile()
            self.baseurl = config.readConfig("BaseUrl", "url")
        def open_url(self, url):
            self.driver.get(self.baseurl + url)
        # 退出浏览器
        def quit_browser(self):
            self.driver.quit()
        # 浏览器前进操作
        def forward(self):
            self.driver.forward()
        # 浏览器后退操作
        def back(self):
            self.driver.back()
        # 隐式等待
        def wait(self, seconds):
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
        # 查找元素
        def find_element(self, selector):
            selector_by = selector['find_type']
            selector_value = selector['element_info']
            try:
                if selector_by == 'id':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == 'cs' or selector_by == 'css_selector':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == 'cn' or selector_by == 'classname':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "lt" or selector_by == 'link_text':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "plt" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "tn" or selector_by == 'tag_name':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
                elif selector_by == "ss" or selector_by == 'selector_selector':
                    el = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
                else:
                    raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.")
            except NoSuchElementException  :
                logger.error("{0}页面中未能找到{1}元素".format(self, selector_value))
            return el
        # 输入
        def input(self, selector, text):
            el = self.find_element(selector)
            try:
                el.clear()
                el.send_keys(text)
                logger.info("Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" % text)
            except NameError as e:
                logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e)
        # 点击
        def click(self, selector):
            el = self.find_element(selector)
            try:
                logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el.text)
                el.click()
            except NameError as e:
                logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e)
        @staticmethod
        def sleep(seconds):
            time.sleep(seconds)
            logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)
        def get_text(self,selector):
            el = self.find_element(selector)
            try:
                return el.text
            except NameError as e:
                logger.error("Failed to text the element with %s" % e)
        def switch_frame(self, selector):
            """
            多表单嵌套切换
            :param loc: 传元素的属性值
            :return: 定位到的元素
            """
            try:
                el = self.find_element(selector)
                return self.driver.switch_to_frame(el)
            except NoSuchElementException as e:
                logger.error("查找iframe异常-> {0}".format(e))
        def switch_windows(self, selector):
            """
            多窗口切换
            :param loc:
            :return:
            """
            try:
                el = self.find_element(selector)
                return self.driver.switch_to_window(el)
            except NoSuchElementException as e:
                logger.error("查找窗口句柄handle异常-> {0}".format(e))
        def switch_alert(self):
            """
            警告框处理
            :return:
            """
            try:
                return self.driver.switch_to_alert()
            except NoSuchElementException as e:
                logger.error("查找alert弹出框异常-> {0}".format(e))

**LoginPage.py —— CNDS登录页面**

from  pageObject.basePage import *
    from selenium import webdriver
    from common.readFile import ReadFile
    from config import setting
    login_el = ReadFile().readYaml(setting.TEST_Element_YAML + '/' + 'login.yaml')
    data = ReadFile().readYaml(setting.TEST_DATA_YAML + '/' + 'login_data.yaml')
    class CndsPage(BasePage):
        '''登录页面'''
        url = '/login'
        # 定位器，通过元素属性定位元素对象
        #选择账号密码登录
        chanlelogin_loc = login_el['testcase'][0]
        # 账号输入框
        username_loc = login_el['testcase'][1]
        # 密码输入框
        pwd_loc = login_el['testcase'][2]
        # 单击登录
        login_accout_loc = login_el['testcase'][3]
        def accout_login(self,accout,passwd):
            self.open_url(self.url)
            self.click(self.chanlelogin_loc)
            self.input(self.username_loc,accout)
            self.input(self.pwd_loc,passwd)
            self.click(self.login_accout_loc)
        # 定位器，通过元素属性定位检查项元素对象
        user_login_success_loc = login_el['check'][0]
        accout_id_loc = login_el['check'][1]
        accout_pawd_error_loc = login_el['check'][2]
        # 账号或密码错误提示
        def accout_passwd_error(self):
            return self.get_text(self.accout_pawd_error_loc)
        # 登录成功，跳转到个人资料页，获取用户名
        def get_account(self):
            self.click(self.user_login_success_loc)
            time.sleep(2)
        def user_login_success(self):
            return self.find_element(self.accout_id_loc).text

### 8 **组织测试用例** ###

**·** 用户名密码正确点击登录

**·** 用户名正确，密码错误点击登录

import unittest
    from common import function,myUnit,readFile
    from pageObject.loginPage import CndsPage
    from time import sleep
    from common.logger import Logger
    from config import setting
    import ddt
    log = Logger()
    testData= readFile.ReadFile().readYaml(setting.TEST_DATA_YAML + '/' + 'login_data.yaml')
    @ddt.ddt
    class LoginTest(myUnit.StartEnd):
        # @unittest.skip('skip this case')
        """CNDS登录测试"""
        def user_login_verify(self,account,passwd):
            """
            用户登录
            :param :account 账号
            :param passwd: 密码
            :return:
            """
            CndsPage(self.driver).accout_login(account,passwd)
        @ddt.data(*testData)
        def test_login_normal(self,datayaml):
            log.info("test_login1_normal is start run...")
            self.user_login_verify(datayaml['data']['accout'],datayaml['data']['passwd'])
            sleep(3)
            #断言与截屏
            po = CndsPage(self.driver)
            if datayaml['screenshot'] == 'login_success':
                po.get_account()
                function.inser_img(self.driver)
                self.assertEqual(po.user_login_success(), datayaml['check'][0], "登录成功，返回实际结果是->: {0}".format(po.user_login_success()))
            else:
                function.inser_img(self.driver)
                self.assertEqual(po.accout_passwd_error(), datayaml['check'][0],"登录失败，返回实际结果是->: {0}".format(po.accout_passwd_error()))
            print("test_login1_normal is test end!")

### 9 **执行测试用例** ###

import unittest
    from  common.function import latest_report
    from  common.sendMail import *
    from config import setting
    from thridLib.HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
    import time
    import os,sys
    sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))))
    report_dir = setting.TEST_REPORT + '/report/'
    def add_case(test_path=setting.TEST_DIR):
        discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_path, pattern="test*.py")
        return discover
    def run_case(all_case,result_path=report_dir):
        print("start run testcase...")
        now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
        report_name = result_path + '/' + now + 'result.html'
        print("start write report...")
        #HTMLTestRunner测试报告
        with open(report_name, 'wb') as f:
            runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title='测试报告', description='用例执行情况')  # 定义测试报告
            runner.run(all_case)  # 执行测试用例
        f.close()
        print("find latest report...")
        # 查找最新的测试报告
        report = latest_report(result_path)
        # 邮件发送报告
        print("send email report...")
        send_mail(report)
        print("test end!")
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        cases = add_case()
        run_case(cases)

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[321c9a3f869d4817aca41fb1afeacb14.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/321c9a3f869d4817aca41fb1afeacb14.png
[353d30a6944f4611a81054829c827934.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/353d30a6944f4611a81054829c827934.png
[94044559dfeb437ba0cf904ff3af00c8.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/94044559dfeb437ba0cf904ff3af00c8.png
[8b0171187dce405e878f274a8cdd9ec0.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8b0171187dce405e878f274a8cdd9ec0.png
[a3e4226c935c4242804cbdf26b571bc6.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/a3e4226c935c4242804cbdf26b571bc6.png
[58df6cd288094ad8874e814f2477620b.gif]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/58df6cd288094ad8874e814f2477620b.gif