linux教程：使用extundelete工具恢复删除的文件

系统管理员 2023-10-14 23:40 18阅读 0赞

extundelete工具安装

*  extundelete下载地址：http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/
 *      wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

解压该文件tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

若报这种错误:

[root@docking ~]# tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 
    tar (child): bzip2：无法 exec: 没有那个文件或目录
    tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
    tar: Child returned status 2
    tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

则使用yum -y install bzip2进行解决:

[root@docking ~]# tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 
    extundelete-0.2.4/
    extundelete-0.2.4/acinclude.m4
    extundelete-0.2.4/missing
    extundelete-0.2.4/autogen.sh
    extundelete-0.2.4/aclocal.m4
    extundelete-0.2.4/configure
    extundelete-0.2.4/LICENSE
    extundelete-0.2.4/README
    ...................................................
    
    cd  extundelete-0.2.4
    ./configure

若这步骤报错:

[root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure 
    Configuring extundelete 0.2.4
    configure: error: in `/root/extundelete-0.2.4':
    configure: error: C++ compiler cannot create executables
    See `config.log' for more details

则使用yum -y install gcc-c++解决.

若执行上一步仍然报错，

[root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure 
    Configuring extundelete 0.2.4
    configure: error: Can't find ext2fs library

则使用yum -y install e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel来解决。

Ubuntu的解决办法为sudo apt-get install e2fslibs-dev e2fslibs-dev

不出意外的话到这里应该configure能够顺利完成.

[root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure 
    Configuring extundelete 0.2.4
    Writing generated files to disk
    [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]#

最后make然后 make install

[root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# make
    make -s all-recursive
    Making all in src
    extundelete.cc: 在函数‘ext2_ino_t find_inode(ext2_filsys, ext2_filsys, ext2_inode*, std::string, int)'中:
    extundelete.cc:1272:29: 警告：在 {} 内将‘search_flags'从‘int'转换为较窄的类型‘ext2_ino_t {aka unsigned int}' [-Wnarrowing]
        buf, match_name2, priv, 0};
                                 ^
    [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# make install
    Making install in src
      /usr/bin/install -c extundelete '/usr/local/bin'

extundelete安装完成.

扫描误删除的文件：

使用df -lh查看挂载：

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh
    文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
    udev            1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
    tmpfs           387M  1.8M  385M    1% /run
    /dev/sda2        92G   61G   26G   71% /
    tmpfs           1.9G   49M  1.9G    3% /dev/shm
    tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
    tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda3       104G   56G   44G   57% /home
    tmpfs           387M   40K  387M    1% /run/user/1000
    /dev/sda4        70G   20G   47G   30% /media/taroballs/d8423f8c-d687-4c03-a7c8-06a7fb57f96d
    /dev/sdb1       6.8G  4.1G  2.8G   60% /media/taroballs/taroballs
    /dev/sr0        4.0G  4.0G     0  100% /media/taroballs/2018-01-16-12-36-00-00
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ cd /media/taroballs/taroballs/
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$

可以看到，我们的目录/media/taroballs/taroballs

挂载到/dev/sdb1 这个文件系统中.

umount我们的挂载盘比如：

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh | grep /dev/sdb1
    /dev/sdb1       6.8G  4.1G  2.8G   60% /media/taroballs/taroballs

umount这个目录

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ umount /media/taroballs/taroballs
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh | grep /dev/sdb1
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ 
    #记得删除一定要后umount哦，不然二次写入谁也帮不了你呢。

通过inode节点恢复

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ mkdir recovertest
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ cd recovertest/
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$

执行恢复extundelete /dev/sdb1 --inode 2

taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$ sudo extundelete /dev/sdb1 --inode 2
    NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
    Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded.
    Group: 0
    Contents of inode 2:
     
    .
    .省略N行
     
    File name                                       | Inode number | Deleted status
    .                                                 2
    ..                                                2
    deletetest                                        12             Deleted
    tmppasswd                                            14             Deleted

通过扫描发现了我们删除的文件夹，现在执行恢复操作。

（1）恢复单一文件tmppasswd

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$  extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-file passwd   
    NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
    Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded.
    Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
    Successfully restored file tmppasswd

恢复文件是放到了当前目录RECOVERED\_FILES。

查看恢复的文件：

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ cat tmppasswd 
    tcpdump:x:172:72::/:/sbin/nologin

（2）恢复目录deletetest

extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-directory  deletetest
    NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
    Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded.
    Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
    Searching for recoverable inodes in directory deletetest ... 
    5 recoverable inodes found.
    Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ...

（3）恢复所有

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-all
    NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
    Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded.
    Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
    Searching for recoverable inodes in directory / ... 
    5 recoverable inodes found.
    Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ... 
    0 recoverable inodes still lost. 
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ tree 
    backuptest/
    ├── deletetest
    │   └── innerfolder
    │       └── deletefile.txt
    └── tmppasswd
    
    2 directories, 2 files

（4）恢复指定inode

taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-inode 14
    NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored.
    Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded.
    Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
    taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ cat file.14 
    tcpdump:x:172:72::/:/sbin/nologin
    #注意恢复inode的时候，恢复 出来的文件名和之前不一样，需要单独进行改名。

最后附上extundelete的用法:

$ extundelete --help
    Usage: extundelete [options] [--] device-file
    Options:
      --version, -[vV]       Print version and exit successfully.
      --help,                Print this help and exit successfully.
      --superblock           Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest.
                             If no action is specified then this option is implied.
      --journal              Show content of journal.
      --after dtime          Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.
      --before dtime         Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.
    Actions:
      --inode ino            Show info on inode 'ino'.
      --block blk            Show info on block 'blk'.
      --restore-inode ino[,ino,...]
                             Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'.
                             The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES
                             with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345).
      --restore-file 'path'  Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root
                             of the partition and does not start with a '/'
                             The restored file is created in the current
                             directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'.
      --restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'.
                             Each filename should be in the same format as an option
                             to --restore-file, and there should be one per line.
      --restore-directory 'path'
                             Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the
                             root directory of the file system.  The restored
                             directory is created in the output directory as 'path'.
      --restore-all          Attempts to restore everything.
      -j journal             Reads an external journal from the named file.
      -b blocknumber         Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening
                             the file system.
      -B blocksize           Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file
                             system.  The number should be the number of bytes.
      --log 0                Make the program silent.
      --log filename         Logs all messages to filename.
    --log D1=0,D2=filename   Custom control of log messages with comma-separated
       Examples below:       list of options.  Dn must be one of info, warn, or
       --log info,error      error.  Omission of the '=name' results in messages
       --log warn=0          with the specified level to be logged to the console.
       --log error=filename  If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified
                             level will be turned off.  If the parameter is
                             '=filename', messages with that level will be written
                             to filename.
       -o directory          Save the recovered files to the named directory.
                             The restored files are created in a directory
                             named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default.