（转）Ubuntu换源方法

逃离我推掉我的手 2023-10-12 08:06 41阅读 0赞

## I. 查看系统版本及内核 ##

首先查看自己的ubuntu系统的codename，这一步很重要，直接导致你更新的源是否对你的系统起效果，查看方法：

1 lsb_release -a
    2 如，我的系统显示：
    3 No LSB modules are available.
    4 Distributor ID: Ubuntu
    5 Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
    6 Release:    14.04
    7 Codename:   trusty
    8 
    9 显示了一些ubuntu的版本信息，需要得到的是Codename，比如，我这里是trusty

## II. 确认阿里源支持 ##

登陆一下网页：[http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/][http_mirrors.aliyun.com_ubuntu_dists]

该网页显示了阿里云支持的ubuntu系统下各个Codename版本，确保自己的Codename在该网页中存在（一般都会有的）

## III. 备份系统源 ##

1 cd /etc/apt
    2 sudo mv sources.list sources.list_bak

## IV. 添加新的源文件 ##

1 sudo vi sources.list

并添加以下内容：注意，每一行的trusty应该用第一步查看得到的Codename来代替

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

博主天线宝宝6的是xenial，所以用的是：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

[这里用了VI][VI]：

进入vi后，按 i ，然后复制一行源代码，再在Terminal右键Paste，然后按 Esc ，回车，再重复前面的操作，直至复制完最后一行，按了 Esc 后，输入 :wq 后回车存盘并退出vi。

## V. 保存与更新 ##

sudo apt-get update

## VI. 以下提供配置脚本 ##

Codename=$( (lsb_release -a)|awk '{print $2}'|tail -n 1 )
    echo "\
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe ">sources.list
    apt-get update

## VII. 国内镜像源内容获得方法 ##

进入官网，在左边的列表中找到Ubuntu,点击Ubuntu右边的问号或者help  
帮助文档中信息：

1 系统  版本号 名称
     2 Ubuntu  16.04   xenial
     3 Ubuntu  15.10   willy
     4 Ubuntu  14.04   trusty
     5 Ubuntu  12.04   precise
     6 main,restricted,universe,multiverse区别（软件的自由度）
     7 
     8 名称  自由度
     9 main    完全的自由软件
    10 restricted  不完全的自由软件
    11 universe    ubuntu官方不提供支持与补丁，全靠社区支持
    12 muitiverse  非自由软件，完全不提供支持和补丁
    13 一个源中，以下目录的作用（纯个人猜测）
    14 
    15 名称  作用
    16 dists   main源存放地
    17 pools   security、backports等源的存放地
    18 project 官方源的一个认证

国内速度较快源的网址：

清华TUNA镜像源：[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/][https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn]  
中科大USTC镜像源：[https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/][https_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn]  
网易163源：[http://mirrors.163.com/][http_mirrors.163.com] (全称网易开源镜像站，前身cn99源)  
搜狐源，其中ubuntu 源是在中国的官方源：[http://mirrors.sohu.com/][http_mirrors.sohu.com]  
北京交通大学源：[http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cn/][http_mirror.bjtu.edu.cn_cn]

## VIII. ubuntu源列表（清华，阿里，官方，选一即可） ##

Ubuntu的源列表在/etc/apt/sources.list中，替换即可

清华的源

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe

阿里的源

官方的源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
    # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
    # newer versions of the distribution.
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    
    ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
    ## distribution.
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
    ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
    ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
    ## team.
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
    ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
    ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
    ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
    ## security team.
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
    ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
    ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
    ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
    ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
    ## 'partner' repository.
    ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
    ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
    deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    
    deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
    # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
    deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
    # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
    deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
    # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
    deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted multiverse universe

文章来源于 [https://www.bowu8.com/archives/235/][https_www.bowu8.com_archives_235] 及 [https://www.cnblogs.com/itech/archive/2009/04/17/1438439.html][VI]

在此表以感谢！

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yourwit/p/11460959.html

[http_mirrors.aliyun.com_ubuntu_dists]: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/
[VI]: https://www.cnblogs.com/itech/archive/2009/04/17/1438439.html
[https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
[https_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn]: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
[http_mirrors.163.com]: http://mirrors.163.com/
[http_mirrors.sohu.com]: http://mirrors.sohu.com/
[http_mirror.bjtu.edu.cn_cn]: http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cn/
[https_www.bowu8.com_archives_235]: https://www.bowu8.com/archives/235/