SpringBoot + Apache Shrio + JWT + Reids 添加验证码功能

分手后的思念是犯贱 2023-10-10 11:58 16阅读 0赞

我们在上篇文章中：[SpringBoot + Apache Shrio + JWT +Redis 实现权限认证][SpringBoot _ Apache Shrio _ JWT _Redis],讲述如何基于用户名和密码实现权限认证功能，我们在此基础上进行功能完善，在用户登入时除了输入用户名和密码，还需要添加验证码字段进行验证。下面开始梳理验证码功能点

## kaptcha简介 ##

Kaptcha 是一个可高度配置的实用验证码生成工具，可自由配置的选项如：

*  验证码的字体
 *  验证码字体的大小
 *  验证码字体的字体颜色
 *  验证码内容的范围(数字，字母，中文汉字！)
 *  验证码图片的大小，边框，边框粗细，边框颜色
 *  验证码的干扰线
 *  验证码的样式(鱼眼样式、3D、普通模糊、...)

### Kaptcha 配置参数表 ###

<table style="width:500px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Constant</td> 
   <td>描述</td> 
   <td>默认值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.border</td> 
   <td>图片边框，合法值：yes , no</td> 
   <td>yes</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.border.color</td> 
   <td>边框颜色，合法值： r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者 white,black,blue.</td> 
   <td>black</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.image.width</td> 
   <td>图片宽</td> 
   <td>200</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.image.height</td> 
   <td>图片高</td> 
   <td>50</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.producer.impl</td> 
   <td>图片实现类</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.impl</td> 
   <td>文本实现类</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultTextCreator</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</td> 
   <td>文本集合，验证码值从此集合中获取</td> 
   <td>abcde2345678gfynmnpwx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</td> 
   <td>验证码长度</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</td> 
   <td>字体</td> 
   <td>Arial, Courier</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</td> 
   <td>字体大小</td> 
   <td>40px.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</td> 
   <td>字体颜色，合法值： r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.</td> 
   <td>black</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</td> 
   <td>文字间隔</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.noise.impl</td> 
   <td>干扰实现类</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.noise.color</td> 
   <td>干扰 颜色，合法值： r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.</td> 
   <td>black</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.obscurificator.impl</td> 
   <td>图片样式：&lt;br /&gt;水纹 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple &lt;br /&gt; 鱼眼 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy &lt;br /&gt; 阴影 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.ShadowGimpy</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.background.impl</td> 
   <td>背景实现类</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultBackground</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.background.clear.from</td> 
   <td>背景颜色渐变，开始颜色</td> 
   <td>light grey</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.background.clear.to</td> 
   <td>背景颜色渐变， 结束颜色</td> 
   <td>white</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.word.impl&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</td> 
   <td>文字渲染器</td> 
   <td>com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultWordRenderer</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.session.key</td> 
   <td>session key</td> 
   <td>KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kaptcha.session.date</td> 
   <td>session date</td> 
   <td>KAPTCHA_SESSION_DATE</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### SpringBoot 整合Kaptcha ###

在项目中引入kaptcha非常简单，我们只需要在pom.xml文件中引入 kaptcha就可以了

<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId>
    			<artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
    			<version>2.3.2</version>
    		</dependency>

自定义kaptcha 工具类:

package com.zzg.util;
    
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha;
    import com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config;
    
    public class KaptchaUtil {
    	private static KaptchaUtil instance;
    	 
    	private KaptchaUtil() {
    	};
     
    	public static KaptchaUtil getInstance() {
    		if (instance == null) {
    			instance = new KaptchaUtil();
    		}
    		return instance;
    	}
     
    	/**
    	 * 生成DefaultKaptcha 默认配置
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public DefaultKaptcha produce() {
    		Properties properties = new Properties();
    		properties.put("kaptcha.border", "no");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.border.color", "105,179,90");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "blue");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.image.width", "100");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.image.height", "50");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "27");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.session.key", "code");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.length", "4");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.string", "0123456789ABCEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl", "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.noise.color", "black");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.noise.impl", "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.from", "185,56,213");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.to", "white");
    		properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space", "3");
    		
    		Config config = new Config(properties);
    		DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();
    		defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);
    		return defaultKaptcha;
    	}
    
    }

### SpringBoot 添加验证码Controller ###

package com.zzg.controller;
    
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha;
    import com.zzg.redis.RedisUtils;
    import com.zzg.util.KaptchaUtil;
    
    @RestController
    public class KaptchaController {
    	public static final String VRIFY_CODE = "VRIFYCODE";
    	
    	@GetMapping("/sys/kaptcha")
    	public void defaultKaptcha(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse)
    			throws Exception {
    		
    		byte[] captchaChallengeAsJpeg = null;
    		ByteArrayOutputStream jpegOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    		try {
    			// 代码方式创建:DefaultKaptcha
    			KaptchaUtil single = KaptchaUtil.getInstance();
    			DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = single.produce();
    			// 生产验证码字符串并保存到session中
    			String createText = defaultKaptcha.createText();
    			// 基于session 方式
    			//httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute(VRIFY_CODE, createText);
    			// 基于redis 方式
    			RedisUtils.hPut(VRIFY_CODE, createText, createText);
    			// 使用生产的验证码字符串返回一个BufferedImage对象并转为byte写入到byte数组中
    			BufferedImage challenge = defaultKaptcha.createImage(createText);
    			ImageIO.write(challenge, "jpg", jpegOutputStream);
    		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
    			httpServletResponse.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
    			return;
    		}
     
    		// 定义response输出类型为image/jpeg类型，使用response输出流输出图片的byte数组
    		captchaChallengeAsJpeg = jpegOutputStream.toByteArray();
    		httpServletResponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
    		httpServletResponse.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    		httpServletResponse.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
    		httpServletResponse.setContentType("image/jpeg");
    		ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream = httpServletResponse.getOutputStream();
    		responseOutputStream.write(captchaChallengeAsJpeg);
    		responseOutputStream.flush();
    		responseOutputStream.close();
    	}
    
    }

注意：存储验证码的方式是采用redis 方式存储，是基于前后端分离模式决定。一般采取的模式是session 方式存储

### ShiroConfig 配置对象开发验证码权限 ###

在shiroConfig中对 获取验证码的数据接口开放权限

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 登入方法添加验证码验证 ###

在LoginController.login(@RequestParam("username")String username, @RequestParam("password")String password, @RequestParam("captcha")String captcha) 中添加验证码请求参数

/**
         * 登录
         */
        @PostMapping("/sys/login")
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String, Object> login(@RequestParam("username")String username, @RequestParam("password")String password, @RequestParam("captcha")String captcha) {
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
            
            //校验验证码
            //基于session的验证码
            // String sessionCaptcha = (String) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getAttribute(VRIFY_CODE);
            //基于redis的验证码
            String redisCaptcha = (String) RedisUtils.hGet(VRIFY_CODE, captcha);
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(redisCaptcha)) {
            	 result.put("status", 400);
                 result.put("msg", "验证码有误");
                 return result;
            }
    
            //用户信息
            User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username);
            //账号不存在、密码错误
            if (user == null || !user.getPassword().equals(password)) {
                result.put("status", 400);
                result.put("msg", "账号或密码有误");
            } else {
                //生成token，并保存到redis
            	String token = JWTUtil.createToken(username);
            	RedisUtils.set(username,token);
            	RedisUtils.expire(username, EXPIRE_TIME);
            	// user->token 关系保存到mysql 中
            	TokenRelation relation = tokenRelationRepository.findByUsername(username);
            	if(relation == null){
            		relation = new TokenRelation();
            		relation.setUsername(username);
                	relation.setToken(token);
            	} else {
            		relation.setToken(token);
            	}
            	tokenRelationRepository.save(relation);
            	
            	result.put("token", token);
                result.put("status", 200);
                result.put("msg", "登陆成功");
                
                // 移除验证码
                RedisUtils.hDelete(VRIFY_CODE, captcha);
            }
            return result;
        }

效果演示：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

[SpringBoot _ Apache Shrio _ JWT _Redis]: https://blog.csdn.net/zhouzhiwengang/article/details/110411763
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