申请免费SSL证书

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2023-10-10 09:48 67阅读 0赞

Let's Encrypt 安装配置教程，免费的 SSL 证书  
官网：https://letsencrypt.org/  
安装Let's Encrypt安装非常简单直接克隆就可以了

git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/letsencrypt

生成通配符证书  
期间需要根据提示设置DNS TXT记录,用作你对判断你是否拥有域名使用权

cd letsencrypt
    ./certbot-auto certonly -d *.you.cn --manual --preferred-challenges dns --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory

其中"you.cn"换成你的一级域名即可  
参数 说明  
Certonly 表示安装模式，Certonly有安装模式和验证模式两种类型的插件  
\--manual 表示手动安装插件，CertBot有很多插件，不同的插件都可以申请证书，用户可以根据需要自行选择  
\-d 为哪些主机申请证书，如果是通配符，输入\*.you.cn(可替换为自己的一级域名)  
\--preferred-challenges dns 使用DNS方式校验域名所有权  
\--server Let’s Encrypt ACME v2版本使用的服务器不同于v1版本，需要显示指定  
接着可以看到下面界面结果：

Dependency Installed:
    dwz.x86_64 0:0.11-3.el7 perl-srpm-macros.noarch 0:1-8.el7 tcl.x86_64 1:8.5.13-8.el7 tix.x86_64 1:8.4.3-12.el7 tk.x86_64 1:8.5.13-6.el7 tkinter.x86_64 0:2.7.5-69.el7_5 
    Complete!
    Creating virtual environment...
    Installing Python packages...
    Installation succeeded.
    Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
    Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None
    Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
    cancel): 123@163.com

接下来需要输入些指令

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Please read the Terms of Service at
    https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
    agree in order to register with the ACME server at
    https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    (A)gree/(C)ancel: A
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
    Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
    organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
    encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    (Y)es/(N)o: N
    Obtaining a new certificate
    Performing the following challenges:
    dns-01 challenge for kuaichuangkeji.com
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
    certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
    your server, please ensure you're okay with that.
    Are you OK with your IP being logged?
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    (Y)es/(N)o: Y

这里有几个需交互的提示  
• 是否同意 Let's Encrypt 协议要求=>需要同意  
• 是否分享你的邮箱  
• 询问是否对域名和机器（IP）进行绑定=>需要同意  
需要注意的地方：

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
    _acme-challenge.you.cn with the following value:
    RYtObhDvEcXewZckknNQkBKIkvwIlbb4PNRel74LNwU
    Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Press Enter to Continue
    Waiting for verification...
    Cleaning up challenges

要求配置 DNS TXT 记录，从而校验域名所有权，也就是判断证书申请者是否有域名的所有权。  
上面输出要求给 \_acme-challenge.you.cn 配置一条 TXT 记录，在没有确认 TXT 记录生效之前不要回车执行。  
我用的是阿里云的域名服务器，控制台具体操作如下图所示：  
  
确认生效后，回车执行，输出如下

IMPORTANT NOTES:
    - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
    /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem
    Your key file has been saved at:
    /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem
    Your cert will expire on 2019-02-27. To obtain a new or tweaked
    version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
    again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
    "certbot-auto renew"
    - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
    Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
    Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le

看到这个界面内容的话，恭喜你，证书安装成功了。

*证书续签  
注:证书在到期前30天才会续签成功,但为了确保证书在运行过程中不过期,官方建议每天自动执行续签两次;  
使用crontab自动续期  
crontab -e // 编辑定时任务*

0 */12 * * * certbot renew --quiet --renew-hook "/etc/init.d/nginx reload"

*• 需要注意"/etc/init.d/nginx reload"为nginx重启命令，需要根据自己服务器的重启命令重启即可；这里建议使用reload，不推荐使用restart，因为这样万一配错了，也不会影响服务器其他项目的运行  
证书保存的路径\[配置nginx需要用到的\]  
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem  
/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem  
nginx 开启 https  
证书生成完成后可以到 /etc/letsencrypt/live/ 目录下查看对应域名的证书文件。编辑 nginx 配置文件监听 443 端口，启用 SSL，并配置 SSL 的公钥、私钥证书路径：*

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name you.cn;
    root /home/www/you;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/privkey.pem;
    ...
    }

添加 HTTP 自动跳转到 HTTPS：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name you.cn;
    location / {
               rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
         }
    }

*配置好nginx后，重启nginx  
证书安装成功后，该域名下的所有二级域名都可以使用噢  
取消证书  
可以使用一下命令取消刚刚生成的密匙，也就是以上的反操作：*

certbot revoke --cert-path /etc/letsencrypt/live/you.cn/cert.pem
    certbot delete --cert-name you.cn

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/winnerREN/p/11142846.html