SpringCloud网关Gateway认证鉴权【SpringCloud系列7】

古城微笑少年丶 2023-10-08 21:17 60阅读 0赞

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本文章是系列文章中的一篇

*  [1、SpringCloud 项目基础工程搭建 【SpringCloud系列1】][1_SpringCloud _ _SpringCloud_1]
 *  [2、SpringCloud 集成Nacos注册中心 【SpringCloud系列2】][2_SpringCloud _Nacos_ _SpringCloud_2]
 *  [3、SpringCloud Feign远程调用 【SpringCloud系列3】][3_SpringCloud Feign_ _SpringCloud_3]
 *  [4、SpringCloud Feign远程调用公共类抽取 【SpringCloud系列4】][4_SpringCloud Feign_ _SpringCloud_4]
 *  [5、SpringCloud 整合Gateway服务网关 【SpringCloud系列5】][5_SpringCloud _Gateway_ _SpringCloud_5]
 *  [6、SpringCloud 整合 Spring Security 认证鉴权【SpringCloud系列6】][6_SpringCloud _ Spring Security _SpringCloud_6]

![在这里插入图片描述][67262976d3b64664b569a3bd409a74f8.png]  
本文章实现的是 Gateway 网关中的令牌校验功能 ，上图中所示用户所有的访问全部走网关，然后在网关每次都调用 auth-api 鉴权，当访问量足够大的时候，还是会有访问性能问题，所以优化如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][8dbbc04f715046cbbb2ce29dc238a3db.png]

##### 1 网关Gateway 添加 security 与 oauth2 相关配置 #####

这里添加的 security 与 oauth2 相关配置 ，是为了解密 auth-api 中生成的 access\_token 令牌信息

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            </dependency>

然后添加安全拦截配置

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.reactive.EnableWebFluxSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.web.server.ServerHttpSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;
    
    /**
     * @description 安全配置类
     * @author 早起的年轻人
     */
     @EnableWebFluxSecurity
     @Configuration
     public class SecurityConfig {
        
      //安全拦截配置
      @Bean
      public SecurityWebFilterChain webFluxSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
        
    
       return http.authorizeExchange()
               .pathMatchers("/**").permitAll()
               .anyExchange().authenticated()
               .and().csrf().disable().build();
      }
     }

配置 JwtAccessTokenConverter 所使用的密钥信息

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.TokenStore;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtAccessTokenConverter;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtTokenStore;
    
    /**
     * @author 早起的年轻人
     * @version 1.0
     **/
    @Configuration
    public class TokenConfig {
        
    
        String SIGNING_KEY = "test_key";
    
        @Autowired
        private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter;
    
        @Bean
        public TokenStore tokenStore() {
        
            return new JwtTokenStore(accessTokenConverter());
        }
    
        @Bean
        public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {
        
            JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
            converter.setSigningKey(SIGNING_KEY);
            return converter;
        }
    
    }

然后 网关配置文件中添加 auth-api 相关的路由

server:
      port: 10001
    spring:
      application:
        name: '@project.name@'
      cloud:
        nacos:
          server-addr: localhost:8848 # nacos地址
        gateway:
          routes: # 网关路由配置
            - id: rewritepath_route
              uri: https://www.baidu.com/
              predicates:
                - Path=/search/**
              filters:
                - RewritePath=/search/(?<segment>.*), /$\{
        segment}
    
            - id: user-service # 路由id，自定义，只要唯一即可
              # uri: http://127.0.0.1:8081 # 路由的目标地址 http就是固定地址
              uri: lb://user-service # 路由的目标地址 lb就是负载均衡，后面跟服务名称
              predicates: # 路由断言，也就是判断请求是否符合路由规则的条件
                - Path=/user/** # 这个是按照路径匹配，只要以/user/开头就符合要求
            - id: order-service # 路由id，自定义，只要唯一即可
              # uri: http://127.0.0.1:8081 # 路由的目标地址 http就是固定地址
              uri: lb://order-service
              predicates:
                - Path=/order/**
    
            - id: auth-api # 路由id，自定义，只要唯一即可
              # uri: http://127.0.0.1:8081 # 路由的目标地址 http就是固定地址
              uri: lb://auth-api
              predicates:
                - Path=/oauth/**

##### 2 网关认证过虑器 #####

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.StringUtils;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
    import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.OAuth2AccessToken;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.exceptions.InvalidTokenException;
    import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.TokenStore;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * @author 早起的年轻轻人
     * @version 1.0
     * @description 网关认证过虑器
     */
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class GatewayAuthFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
        
    
    
        //白名单
        private static List<String> whitelist = null;
    
        static {
        
            //加载白名单
            try (
                    InputStream resourceAsStream = GatewayAuthFilter.class.getResourceAsStream("/security-whitelist.properties");
            ) {
        
                Properties properties = new Properties();
                properties.load(resourceAsStream);
                Set<String> strings = properties.stringPropertyNames();
                whitelist= new ArrayList<>(strings);
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
        
                whitelist = new ArrayList<>();
                log.error("加载/security-whitelist.properties出错:{}",e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
    
        }
    
        @Autowired
        private TokenStore tokenStore;
    
    
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            //请求的url
            String requestUrl = exchange.getRequest().getPath().value();
            AntPathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
            //白名单放行
            for (String url : whitelist) {
        
                if (pathMatcher.match(url, requestUrl)) {
        
                    return chain.filter(exchange);
                }
            }
            //检查token是否存在
            String token = getToken(exchange);
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {
        
                return buildReturnMono("没有认证",exchange);
            }
            //判断是否是有效的token
            OAuth2AccessToken oAuth2AccessToken;
            try {
        
                oAuth2AccessToken = tokenStore.readAccessToken(token);
    
                boolean expired = oAuth2AccessToken.isExpired();
                if (expired) {
        
                    return buildReturnMono("认证令牌已过期",exchange);
                }
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            } catch (InvalidTokenException e) {
        
                log.info("认证令牌无效: {}", token);
                return buildReturnMono("认证令牌无效",exchange);
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取token
         */
        private String getToken(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        
            String tokenStr = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(tokenStr)) {
        
                return null;
            }
            return tokenStr;
        }
    
    
    
    
        private Mono<Void> buildReturnMono(String error, ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code",403);
            map.put("message",error);
    
            String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(map);
            byte[] bits = jsonString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            DataBuffer buffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(bits);
            response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
            response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            return response.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer));
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public int getOrder() {
        
            return 0;
        }
    }

Spring Cloud Gateway 根据作用范围划分为 GatewayFilter 和 GlobalFilter

*  GatewayFilter : 需要通过spring.cloud.routes.filters 配置在具体路由下，只作用在当前路由上或通过spring.cloud.default-filters配置在全局，作用在所有路由上。
 *  GlobalFilter : 不需要在配置文件中配置，作用在所有的路由上，最终通过GatewayFilterAdapter包装成GatewayFilterChain可识别的过滤器

##### 3 启动服务 测试 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][fdb99fef9a40487189fcf3c0b014c848.png]  
首先通过网关访问订单详情

http://localhost:10001/order/109

使用很久之前的一个token  
![在这里插入图片描述][d181c74cb8214ef0bc28b943f68d515d.png]  
然后再通过网关获取令牌  
![在这里插入图片描述][5b8595644d194cc98736cb57519786fd.png]  
然后使用新获取到的令牌来访问订单详情  
![在这里插入图片描述][c8d92c8c10244cf9aec8765462aa04e3.png]

##### 4 获取token中的用户信息 #####

在网关中将token解析，获取登录 token 中对应的用户 userId , 在网关中的令牌校验过滤器 GatewayAuthFilter 中添加内容：

public class GatewayAuthFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
        
    
    
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            
            ... ... 
                //----------获取token中的用户令牌--------------------------------------------------------------------
                OAuth2Authentication authentication = tokenStore.readAuthentication(token);
                User authUser = (User) authentication.getPrincipal();
                //获取保存的用户令牌 我这里是一个JSON 
                String username = authUser.getUsername();
                //使用Fastjson 将json字符串转为map
                Map<String, Object> parse = JSON.parseObject(username, Map.class);
                //获取其中的 userId
                String userId = parse.get("userId").toString();
    
                ServerHttpRequest req = exchange.getRequest();
                HttpHeaders httpHeaders = req.getHeaders();
                ServerHttpRequest.Builder requestBuilder = req.mutate();
                // 先删除，后新增
                //requestBuilder.headers(k -> k.remove("要修改的header的key"));
                // requestBuilder.header("要修改的header的key", 处理完之后的header的值);
    
                // 或者直接修改，要求修改的变量为final
                requestBuilder.headers(k -> k.set("userId", userId));
                log.info("令牌解析成功：userId is {}",userId);
    
                ServerHttpRequest request = requestBuilder.build();
                exchange.mutate().request(request).build();
    
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            } catch (InvalidTokenException e) {
        
                log.info("认证令牌无效: {}", token);
                return buildReturnMono("认证令牌无效", exchange);
            }
        }
    }

这里是获取了用户的 userId ，然后将userId添加到请求头中，比如在后续的 admin 管理后台的服务中，可以直接通过 @RequestHeader 获取  
![在这里插入图片描述][5171c8e0abb2461e8a01e6fd50a33137.png]

到此 网关中的鉴权功能开发完成。

本项目源码 [https://gitee.com/android.long/spring-cloud-biglead/tree/master/biglead-api-07-auth][https_gitee.com_android.long_spring-cloud-biglead_tree_master_biglead-api-07-auth]  
如果有兴趣可以关注一下公众号 biglead ,每周都会有 java、Flutter、小程序、js 、英语相关的内容分享

[1_SpringCloud _ _SpringCloud_1]: https://biglead.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129668121
[2_SpringCloud _Nacos_ _SpringCloud_2]: https://biglead.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129672545
[3_SpringCloud Feign_ _SpringCloud_3]: https://biglead.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129674404
[4_SpringCloud Feign_ _SpringCloud_4]: https://blog.csdn.net/zl18603543572/article/details/129675612
[5_SpringCloud _Gateway_ _SpringCloud_5]: https://biglead.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129678919
[6_SpringCloud _ Spring Security _SpringCloud_6]: https://biglead.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129687071
[67262976d3b64664b569a3bd409a74f8.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/67262976d3b64664b569a3bd409a74f8.png
[8dbbc04f715046cbbb2ce29dc238a3db.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8dbbc04f715046cbbb2ce29dc238a3db.png
[fdb99fef9a40487189fcf3c0b014c848.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/fdb99fef9a40487189fcf3c0b014c848.png
[d181c74cb8214ef0bc28b943f68d515d.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d181c74cb8214ef0bc28b943f68d515d.png
[5b8595644d194cc98736cb57519786fd.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/5b8595644d194cc98736cb57519786fd.png
[c8d92c8c10244cf9aec8765462aa04e3.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/c8d92c8c10244cf9aec8765462aa04e3.png
[5171c8e0abb2461e8a01e6fd50a33137.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/5171c8e0abb2461e8a01e6fd50a33137.png
[https_gitee.com_android.long_spring-cloud-biglead_tree_master_biglead-api-07-auth]: https://gitee.com/android.long/spring-cloud-biglead/tree/master/biglead-api-07-auth