Flask 1（开始入门）

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2023-10-08 12:02 17阅读 0赞

#### Flask 入门 ####

*   *  写在前面
     *   *  1、开始使用
         *   *  1.1、写一个html标签试试
             *  1.2、参数配置
             *   *  ①debug=True
                 *  ②PIN码
                 *  ③Environment: production
                 *  ④手动指定host和端口
         *  2、flask插件
         *   *  2.1、想和django保持一致？
         *  3、flask的MTV模型
         *  4、路由
         *   *  4.1、创建第二个路由
             *  4.2、flask-blueprint路由管理
             *  4.3、把views.py转化成包
         *  5、模板
         *   *  5.1、模板语言
         *  6、模型
         *   *  6.1、flask-SQLAlchemy
         *  7、改装，使得Falsk各种配置独立
         *   *  7.1、单独写一个第三方扩展库文件
             *  7.2、单独写一个setting配置文件
             *  7.3、使代码可以自己判断电脑环境是开发还是测试
             *  7.4、BASE\_DIR
         *  8、flask的迁移体系

### 写在前面 ###

flask中文文档

> https://dormousehole.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

#### 1、开始使用 ####

新建flask项目  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
运行试试：python app.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
访问：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

##### 1.1、写一个html标签试试 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
注意：flask修改代码是不能自动重启的，这里我们手动重启一下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200207205511680.png]

##### 1.2、参数配置 #####

###### ①debug=True ######

开启调试模式，修改代码会自动重启  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200207212022159.png]

###### ②PIN码 ######

打开调试模式，启动后就会自动生成PIN码，PIN码用来在页面上调试时解锁

这里我们写一个会报错的代码试试  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
访问

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
当我们需要直接在页面上调试时就可以点击右边这个黑框框，然后输入PIN码

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
就可以直接在页面输入调试代码了  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

###### ③Environment: production ######

启动的时候会有这个警告

* Environment: production
       WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
       Use a production WSGI server instead.

这个警告的大概意思是提示这是开发者服务器，不能用于生产环境中，

如果需要关掉这个提示可以这么做：

Linux环境下：  
进入~/.bashrc  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200208124531580.png]  
在末尾加上这句话：export FLASK\_ENV=‘develop’  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
windows环境下： set FLASK\_ENV=‘develop’  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

###### ④手动指定host和端口 ######

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

#### 2、flask插件 ####

##### 2.1、想和django保持一致？ #####

使flask在命令行里也能改host和端口：  
安装插件：pip install flask-script  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
更改app.py代码并运行：python app.py runserver  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
如果这里想和django一致，也可以更改app.py为manage.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200208133722395.png]  
换个host试试：python manage.py runserver -p 8000 -h 0.0.0.0 -d -r  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]

#### 3、flask的MTV模型 ####

我们在manage.py同目录下新建App文件夹，并创建\_\_init\_\_.py、models.py、views.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
mange.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

from App import create_app
    from flask_script import Manager
    
    
    app = create_app()
    manager = Manager(app=app)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        manager.run()

–init–.py

from App.views import init_route
    from flask import Flask
    
    
    def create_app():
        app = Flask(__name__)
        init_route(app)
        return app

views.py

def init_route(app):
    
        @app.route('/')
        def hello_world():
    
            return '学习flask中'

启动：python manage.py runserver  
访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200208234406350.png]

#### 4、路由 ####

##### 4.1、创建第二个路由 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]  
开启debug模式运行：python manage.py runserver -d -r  
访问：http://127.0.0.1:5000/two/  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209001841897.png]

##### 4.2、flask-blueprint路由管理 #####

像4.1里面那样创建路由容易出现循环引用的问题，flask-blueprint现在企业中常用的路由管理方式  
安装：pip install flask-blueprint  
安装完成之后修改views.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

from flask import Blueprint
    
    blue = Blueprint('blue', __name__)
    @blue.route('/')
    def two():
        return '蓝图路由主页'

修改–init–.py

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]  
开启debug模式运行：python manage.py runserver -d -r  
访问：http://127.0.0.1:5000  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209003223433.png]

##### 4.3、把views.py转化成包 #####

我们还可以把views.py转化成包，这样来写更多更复杂的路由  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]  
在views下创建一个新的文件first\_blue.py,并删掉原来的views.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
在views/init.py导入first\_blue  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]  
启动并访问：  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020020900422993.png]  
创建第二个路由试试  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]

在App/views/init.py导入second\_blue  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26]  
在App/init.py注册second  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27]  
启动并访问：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209004936320.png]  
到这儿我们会发现注册要写两次特别麻烦，其实我们可以把注册写到里一个init里  
修改App/init.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28]  
修改App/views/init.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29]  
这样每次添加就只用注册一次

访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209005536806.png]

#### 5、模板 ####

在App/templates里面写一个index.html

> 注意：  
> 这里app里面的视图引用的html，最好放在app目录里面的templates，否则可能会导致找不到

> 关于路径问题可以参考这两个网址：  
> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7974771/flask-blueprint-template-folder  
> https://blog.csdn.net/chengmo123/article/details/100558051

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30]  
写到视图里  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31]  
启动并访问：python manage.py runserver -r -d  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209184156911.png]

##### 5.1、模板语言 #####

flask的模板语言和django使用的是同一套模板语言。

刨坑  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32]  
填坑  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33]  
访问  
.  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34]

#### 6、模型 ####

##### 6.1、flask-SQLAlchemy #####

SQLAlchemy：是Python编程语言下的对象关系映射（ORM）工具。  
先安装flask-SQLAlchemy：pip install flask-sqlalchemy  
开始使用，models.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35]

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    
    models_db = SQLAlchemy()
    
    
    def init_model(app):
        models_db.init_app(app)
    
    
    class User(models_db.Model):
    
        # int类型，主键
        id = models_db.Column(models_db.Integer, primary_key=True)
        # 字符类型，长度为16
        username = models_db.Column(models_db.String(16))

App/init.py(这里我们用的数据库是sqlite，如果要用mysql见下面注解)  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36]

# 配置数据库, uri  数据库+驱动：//用户名：密码@主机：端口/具体哪一个库
        app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///sqlite.db'
        app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
        init_model(app)

下面注解部分，如果不换成mysql可以忽略

> 注解：使用mysql数据库  
> app.config\[‘SQLALCHEMY\_DATABASE\_URI’\] = ‘mysql+pymysql://root:root@localhost:3306/HelloFlask’

> 使用mysql需要手动建库：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38]  
> 如果pymysql没有安装记得安装：pip install pymysql

first\_bule.py写一个创建表的函数（sqlite和mysql都能创建）

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39]  
运行并访问：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200209204241234.png]  
查看表是否创建成功（这里用的数据库是sqlite）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40]  
成功建表  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41]

#### 7、改装，使得Falsk各种配置独立 ####

##### 7.1、单独写一个第三方扩展库文件 #####

新建ext.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 42]  
把models放到ext里面  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43]

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    
    models_db = SQLAlchemy()
    
    
    def init_ext(app):
        models_db.init_app(app=app)

App/models.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44]  
在App/—int—.py中注册  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 45]

##### 7.2、单独写一个setting配置文件 #####

新建settings.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 46]  
settings.py内容

# 获取数据库地址
    def get_db_url(dbinfo):
        engine = dbinfo.get("ENGINE") or "sqlite"
        driver = dbinfo.get("DRIVER") or "sqlite"
        user = dbinfo.get("USER") or ""
        password = dbinfo.get("PASSWORD") or ""
        host = dbinfo.get("HOST") or ""
        port = dbinfo.get("PORT") or ""
        name = dbinfo.get("NAME") or ""
    
        return "{}+{}://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}".format(engine, driver, user, password, host, port, name)
    
    
    class Config:
        # 开发环境
        DEBUG = False
        # 测试环境
        TESTING = False
        # 数据库
        SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    
    
    # 开发环境
    class DevelopConfig(Config):
        DEBUG = True
    
        dbinfo = {
        
            "ENGINE": "mysql",
            "DRIVER": "pymysql",
            "USER": "root",
            "PASSWORD": "root",
            "NAME": "HelloFlask",
            "HOST": "localhost",
            "PORT": "3306",
        }
    
        SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = get_db_url(dbinfo)
    
    
    # 测试环境
    class TestConfig(Config):
        TESTING = True
    
        dbinfo = {
        
            # 什么数据库
            "ENGINE": "mysql",
            # 驱动名
            "DRIVER": "pymysql",
            # 数据库用户名
            "USER": "root",
            # 密码
            "PASSWORD": "root",
            # 创建的库名
            "NAME": "HelloFlask",
    
            "HOST": "localhost",
            "PORT": "3306",
        }
    
        SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = get_db_url(dbinfo)
    
    
    # 演示环境
    class StagingConfig(Config):
        dbinfo = {
        
            # 什么数据库
            "ENGINE": "mysql",
            # 驱动名
            "DRIVER": "pymysql",
            # 数据库用户名
            "USER": "root",
            # 密码
            "PASSWORD": "root",
            # 创建的库名
            "NAME": "HelloFlask",
    
            "HOST": "localhost",
            "PORT": "3306",
        }
    
        SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = get_db_url(dbinfo)
    
    
    # 生产环境
    class ProductConfig(Config):
        DEBUG = True
    
        dbinfo = {
        
            # 什么数据库
            "ENGINE": "mysql",
            # 驱动名
            "DRIVER": "pymysql",
            # 数据库用户名
            "USER": "root",
            # 密码
            "PASSWORD": "root",
            # 创建的库名
            "NAME": "HelloFlask",
    
            "HOST": "localhost",
            "PORT": "3306",
        }
    
        SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = get_db_url(dbinfo)
    
    
    envs = {
        
        "develop": DevelopConfig,
        "testing": TestConfig,
        "staging": StagingConfig,
        "product": ProductConfig,
        "default": DevelopConfig
    }

App/–init–.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47]  
写一个添加user的视图，看看配置是否成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48]  
运行并访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200210141119576.png]  
数据库  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200210141231548.png]  
写一个删除整个库试试

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49]  
访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200210141941611.png]  
数据库：已经空了  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200210142001353.png]

##### 7.3、使代码可以自己判断电脑环境是开发还是测试 #####

修改App/–init–.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50]  
修改manage.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 51]

##### 7.4、BASE\_DIR #####

os.path.abspath(**file**)获取当前文件的绝对路径  
os.path.dirname()获取当前路径的上一级路径

把BASE\_DIR写到setting里面去  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 52]

#### 8、flask的迁移体系 ####

安装migrate插件：pip install flask-migrate -i http://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple  
ext.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 53]  
manage.py  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 54]  
运行初始化（只有该项目第一次使用migrate才执行这个）：python manage.py db init  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 55]  
执行后会自动生成迁移文件  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 56]  
前后开始迁移：生成迁移python manage.py db migrate![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 57]  
执行迁移：python manage.py db upgrade（数据库里面对应也会生成迁移记录）

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 58]  
查看数据库  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 59]  
迁移文件和记录  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FfX2ludF9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 60]

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