如何将CentOS 7升级到CentOS 8

我就是我 2023-10-08 11:18 4阅读 0赞

[詹姆斯·基里亚][Link 1]（[James Kiarie）][Link 1] | 发布时间：2019年11月11日| 上次更新时间：2019年11月12日

在本文中，您将学习如何将CentOS 7升级到CentOS 8。本文描述的步骤未描述正式升级，因此尚不应用于生产服务器。

步骤1：安装EPEL储存库

首先，通过运行以下命令安装EPL存储库：

\# yum install epel-release -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

*在**CentOS 7**中安装**EPEL Repo*

步骤2：安装yum-utils工具

成功安装EPEL之后，通过运行以下命令来安装[yum-utils][]。

\# yum install yum-utils

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

*在**CentOS 7**中安装**yum-utils*

此后，您需要通过执行命令来解析RPM软件包。

\# yum install rpmconf

\# rpmconf -a

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

*保留默认**RPM**设置*

接下来，清理所有不需要的软件包。

\# package-cleanup --leaves

\# package-cleanup --orphans

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

*干净的**RPM**软件包*

步骤3：在CentOS 7中安装dnf

现在安装[dnf软件包管理器][dnf]，它是CentOS 8的默认软件包管理器。

\# yum install dnf

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

*在**CentOS 7**中安装**dnf*

您还需要使用以下命令删除[yum软件包管理器][yum]。

\# dnf -y remove yum yum-metadata-parser

\# rm -Rf /etc/yum

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

*在**CentOS 7**中删除**Yum*

步骤4：将CentOS 7升级到CentOS 8

现在，我们准备将CentOS 7升级到CentOS 8，但在此之前，请使用新安装的[dnf软件包管理器][dnf]升级系统。

\# dnf upgrade

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

*升级**CentOS 7*

接下来，如下所示使用dnf安装CentOS 8发行包。这需要一段时间。

dnf -y upgrade http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/centos/8/BaseOS/x86\_64/os/Packages/centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86\_64.rpm

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

*安装**CentOS 8**版本*

接下来，升级EPEL存储库。

dnf -y upgrade https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

*升级**EPEL**存储库*

成功升级EPEL存储库后，请删除所有临时文件。

\# dnf clean all

[删除旧的内核][Link 2]为核心的CentOS 7。

\# rpm -e \`rpm -q kernel\`

接下来，请确保删除有冲突的软件包。

\# rpm -e --nodeps sysvinit-tools

之后，如图所示启动CentOS 8系统升级。

\# dnf -y --releasever=8 --allowerasing --setopt=deltarpm=false distro-sync

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

*CentOS 8**系统升级*

步骤5：安装适用于CentOS 8的新内核

要为CentOS 8安装新的内核，请运行命令。

\# dnf -y install kernel-core

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FsbHdheTI_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

*在**CentOS 8**中安装内核*

最后，安装CentOS 8最小软件包。

\# dnf -y groupupdate "Core" "Minimal Install"

现在，您可以通过运行检查安装的CentOS版本。

\# cat /etc/redhat-release

![20200101192159816.png][]

*检查**CentOS**版本*

另请参阅：[如何为CentOS 8设置自动更新][CentOS 8]

结论

本文总结了如何从CentOS 7升级到CentOS 8。希望您对此有所了解。

[Link 1]: https://www.tecmint.com/author/james2030kiarie/
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[yum-utils]: https://www.tecmint.com/linux-yum-package-management-with-yum-utils/
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[dnf]: https://www.tecmint.com/dnf-commands-for-fedora-rpm-package-management/
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[yum]: https://www.tecmint.com/20-linux-yum-yellowdog-updater-modified-commands-for-package-mangement/
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[Link 2]: https://www.tecmint.com/delete-old-kernels-in-centos-rhel-and-fedora/
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[20200101192159816.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200101192159816.png
[CentOS 8]: https://www.tecmint.com/setup-automatic-updates-for-centos-8/