十一、C语言创建桌面程序：单选按钮、复选框和分组框控件

快来打我* 2023-10-07 12:12 43阅读 0赞

## `一、创建按钮` ##

> 单选按钮和复选框都是一种特殊的按钮，窗口类名称都是button，只不过增加了一些特殊的窗口样式罢了。单选按钮的样式为BS\_AUTORADIOBUTTON，复选框的样式为BS\_AUTOCHECKBOX。例如：

//创建一个单选按钮
    CreateWindow(
        TEXT("button"), TEXT("单选按钮"),
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON/*单选按钮*/,
        235, 40, 100, 26,
        hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
    );
    //创建一个复选框
    CreateWindow(
        TEXT("button"), TEXT("复选框"),
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
        95, 70, 50, 26,
        hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
    );

> 单选按钮一般是分组的，一组单选按钮之间是互斥的，只能选择其中一个。一个窗口可以包含多组单选按钮。  
> 要想为单选按钮分组，可以增加WS\_GROUP样式。设置了 WS\_GROUP 样式的单选框为一组中的首元素，随后的所有单选按钮都和它在同一组，直到下一个设置了 WS\_GROUP 样式的单选按钮。

> 示例

//窗口过程
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
        
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体
        //一组单选按钮
        static HWND labSex;  //静态文本框--性别
        static HWND radioMale;  //单选按钮--男
        static HWND radioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
        //一组单选按钮
        static HWND labMarriage;  //静态文本框--婚姻状况
        static HWND radioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
        static HWND radioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
        static HWND radioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密
        //一组复选框
        static HWND labPet;  //静态文本框--你的宠物
        static HWND checkboxDog;  //复选框--狗
        static HWND checkboxCat;  //复选框--猫
        static HWND checkboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
        static HWND checkboxOther;  //复选框--其他
        switch (message){
        
            case  WM_CREATE:
                hFont = CreateFont(
                    -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
                    FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
                    OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                    FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
                );
                //选择性别
                labSex = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别："),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
                    10, 10, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
                );
                radioMale = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
                    95, 10, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
                );
                radioFemale = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    150, 10, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
                );
                //选择婚姻状况
                labMarriage = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况："),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                    10, 40, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
                );
                radioMarried = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
                    95, 40, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
                );
                radioSingle = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    165, 40, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
                );
                radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    235, 40, 100, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
                );
                //你的宠物
                labPet = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物："),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                    10, 70, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
                );
               
                checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
                    95, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
                );
                checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    150, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
                );
                checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    205, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
                );
                checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    260, 70, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
                );
                SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                break;
            case WM_PAINT:
                hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                // TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
                EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                break;
            case WM_DESTROY:
                PostQuitMessage(0);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
        }
        return 0;
    }

> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## `二、分组框控件` ##

> 使用分组框控件（GroupBox）可以对单选按钮、复选框进行更好的分组  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

> 分组框控件也是一种特殊的按钮，它的样式为BS\_GROUPBOX(需要注意的是：单选按钮的父窗口为分组框控件 hGroupSex，而不是顶级窗口 hWnd。)，例如：

//创建分组框控件
    hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
        TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
        20, 20, 300, 70,
        hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
    );
    //接下来添加单选按钮
    hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
        TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
        15, 30, 50, 26,
        hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
    );
    hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
        TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
        80, 30, 50, 26,
        hGroupSex, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
    );

## `三、判断单选按钮和复选框是否被选中` ##

> 在Windows中不能一次性获得一组按钮的选中状态，只能一个一个地遍历。复选框也是如此。  
> 可以通过SendMessage函数发送BM\_GETCHECK消息来获取按钮的选中状态，返回 BST\_CHECKED 表示按钮被选中，返回 BST\_UNCHECKED 是未被选中。

> SendMessage 原型为：

// 发送 BM_GETCHECK 消息时，wParam 和 lParam 两个参数必须都为 0。
    LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
        HWND   hWnd,  //窗口（控件）句柄
        UINT   Msg,  //消息类型
        WPARAM wParam,  //附加消息1
        LPARAM lParam  //附加消息2
    );

> 下面的代码会判断一个按钮是否被选中。如果被选中，那么会获取按钮文本并保存到缓冲区：

if( SendMessage(hCheckBox, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
        
        GetWindowText(hCheckBox, szBuffer,  10);
    }

> 示例代码

#include <windows.h>
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
    
    HINSTANCE hInst;
    
    int WINAPI WinMain(
            HINSTANCE hInstance,
            HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
            PSTR szCmdLine,
            int iCmdShow
    ){
        
        static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Win32Demo");
        HWND     hwnd;
        MSG      msg;
        WNDCLASS wndclass;
    
        hInst = hInstance;
    
        wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wndclass.lpfnWndProc  = WndProc;
        wndclass.cbClsExtra   = 0;
        wndclass.cbWndExtra   = 0;
        wndclass.hInstance    = hInstance;
        wndclass.hIcon        = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
        wndclass.hCursor      = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
        wndclass.hbrBackground= (HBRUSH) GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE);
        wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
        wndclass.lpszClassName= szClassName;
    
        RegisterClass(&wndclass);
    
        hwnd = CreateWindow(
                szClassName,
                TEXT("Welcome"),
                WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                CW_USEDEFAULT,
                CW_USEDEFAULT,
                800,
                500,
                NULL,
                NULL,
                hInstance,
                NULL
        );
    
        //��ʾ����
        ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow);
    
        UpdateWindow (hwnd);
    
        while( GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) ){
        
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage (&msg);
        }
    
        return msg.wParam;
    }
    
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
        
        int wmId, wmEvent;
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
    
        static TCHAR szBufSex[10];
        static TCHAR szBufMarriage[10];
        static TCHAR szBufPet[20];
        static TCHAR szBufSubmit[100];
        static TCHAR szBufTmp[10];
    
        static HFONT hFont;
    
        static HWND labSex;
        static HWND radioMale;
        static HWND radioFemale;
    
        static HWND labMarriage;
        static HWND radioMarried;
        static HWND radioSingle;
        static HWND radioSecrecy;
    
    
        static HWND labPet;
        static HWND checkboxDog;
        static HWND checkboxCat;
        static HWND checkboxFish;
        static HWND checkboxOther;
    
        static HWND btnSubmit;
    
        switch (message){
        
            case  WM_CREATE:
                hFont = CreateFont(
                        -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
                        FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
                        OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                        FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("xxx")
                );
    
                //ѡ���Ա�
                labSex = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别："),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                        10, 10, 80, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                radioMale = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT| BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON  | WS_GROUP,
                        95, 10, 50, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                radioFemale = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                        150, 10, 50, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                //ѡ�����״��
                labMarriage = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况："),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                        10, 40, 80, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                radioMarried = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
                        95, 40, 65, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                radioSingle = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                        165, 40, 65, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                        235, 40, 100, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                labPet = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                        10, 70, 80, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                        95, 70, 50, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                        150, 70, 50, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("鼠"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                        205, 70, 50, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
                );
                checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                        260, 70, 65, 26,
                        hWnd, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                btnSubmit = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("提交"),
                                         WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT,
                                         95, 110, 200, 36,
                                         hWnd, (HMENU)13, hInst, NULL
                );
    
                SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
    
                SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
    
                SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
                SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
    
                SendMessage(btnSubmit, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
    
                break;
    
            case WM_COMMAND:
                wmId    = LOWORD(wParam);
                wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
                if( wmEvent==  BN_CLICKED){
        
                    switch (wmId){
        
                        case 2:
                        case 3:
                            GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufSex, 10);
                            break;
    
                        case 5:
                        case 6:
                        case 7:
                            GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufMarriage, 10);
                            break;
                        case 9:
                        case 10:
                        case 11:
                        case 12:
                            memset(szBufPet, 0, sizeof(szBufPet));
                            if( SendMessage(checkboxDog, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
        
                                GetWindowText(checkboxDog, szBufTmp,  10);
                                wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                            }
                            if( SendMessage(checkboxCat, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
        
                                GetWindowText(checkboxCat, szBufTmp, 10);
                                wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                            }
                            //�Ƿ�ѡ����
                            if( SendMessage(checkboxFish, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
        
                                GetWindowText(checkboxFish, szBufTmp, 10);
                                wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                            }
                            //�Ƿ�ѡ������
                            if( SendMessage(checkboxOther, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
        
                                GetWindowText(checkboxOther, szBufTmp, 10);
                                wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                            }
                            break;
    
                        case 13:
                            wsprintf(szBufSubmit, TEXT("你的性别：%s\n婚姻状况：%s\r\n你的宠物：%s"), szBufSex, szBufMarriage, szBufPet);
                            MessageBox(hWnd, szBufSubmit, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
                            break;
    
                        default:
                            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
                    }
                }
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    
            case WM_DESTROY:
                DeleteObject(hFont);
                PostQuitMessage(0);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
        }
        return 0;
    }

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200404235250450.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200404235355666.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI3ODcwNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70