nginx的set指令详解

Dear 丶 2023-10-06 15:11 426阅读 0赞

#### **set 指令** ####

set 指令是用于定义一个变量，并且赋值

应用环境:

server,location,if

应用示例

例8：
    #http://alice.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/alice
    #http://jack.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/jack
    
    [root@nginx-server conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
    [root@nginx-server html]# mkdir jack alice
    [root@nginx-server html]# echo "jack.." >> jack/index.html
    [root@nginx-server html]# echo "alice.." >> alice/index.html
    
    a. DNS实现泛解析
    *           IN      A               网站IP
    或者本地解析域名host文件
    10.0.105.202 www.testpm.com
    10.0.105.202 alice.testpm.com
    10.0.105.202 jack.testpm.com
    编辑配置文件:
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.testpm.com;
    
        location / {
             root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
             if ( $host ~* ^www.testpm.com$) {
                    break;
                    }
             if ( $host ~* "^(.*)\.testpm\.com$" ) {
                    set $user $1;
                    rewrite .* http://www.testpm.com/$user permanent;
                    }
            }
        location /jack {
             root /usr/share/nginx/html;
             index  index.html index.hml;
            }
        location /alice {
             root /usr/share/nginx/html;
             index index.html index.hml;
            }
    }

#### **2.5、return 指令** ####

return 指令用于返回状态码给客户端

server,location,if

应用示例:

例9：如果访问的.sh结尾的文件则返回403操作拒绝错误
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.testpm.cn;
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/http_access.log  main;
    
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
        location ~* \.sh$ {
            return 403;
            }
    }
    
    例10：80 ======> 443 ：80转443端口
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.testpm.cn;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/http_access.log  main;
        return 301 https://www.testpm.cn$request_uri;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        server_name www.testpm.cn;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/https_access.log  main;
    
        #ssl on;
        ssl_certificate   /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_www.testpm.cn.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_www.testpm.cn.key;
        ssl_session_timeout 5m;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    
        location / {
            root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    
    [root@nginx-server ~]# curl -I http://www.testpm.cn
    HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
    Server: nginx/1.16.0
    Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2019 13:52:30 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 169
    Connection: keep-alive
    Location: https://www.testpm.cn/

**3、last,break详解**

![66f26f1465f4c1de64a2e936e652c2c9.png][]

[root@localhost test]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/last_break.conf 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/last.access.log  main;
    
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /break/ {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            rewrite .* /test/break.html break;
        }
        location /last/ {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            rewrite .* /test/last.html last;
        }
        location /test/ {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            rewrite .* /test/test.html break;
        }
    
    }
    [root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
    [root@localhost html]# mkdir test
    [root@localhost html]# echo "last" > test/last.html
    [root@localhost html]# echo "break" > test/break.html
    [root@localhost html]# echo "test" > test/test.html
    
    http://10.0.105.196/break/break.html
    http://10.0.105.196/last/last.html

**注意：**

*  last 标记在本条 rewrite 规则执行完后，会对其所在的 server \{ … \} 标签重新发起请求;
 *  break 标记则在本条规则匹配完成后，停止匹配，不再做后续的匹配；
 *  使用 alias 指令时，必须使用 last；
 *  使用 proxy\_pass 指令时,则必须使用break。  
    **4、Nginx 的 https ( rewrite )**  
    server \{  
    listen 80;  
    server\_name \*.vip9999.top vip9999.top;  
      
    if ($host ~\* "^www.vip9999.top$|^vip9999.top$" ) \{  
    return 301 [https://www.vip9999.top][https_www.vip9999.top]$request\_uri;  
    \}  
    \}  
      
    \# Settings for a TLS enabled server.  
    server \{  
    listen 443 ssl;  
    server\_name www.vip9999.top;  
      
    ssl\_certificate cert/214025315060640.pem;  
    ssl\_certificate\_key cert/214025315060640.key;  
    ssl\_session\_cache shared:SSL:1m;  
    ssl\_session\_timeout 10m;  
    ssl\_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  
    ssl\_prefer\_server\_ciphers on;  
      
    \#pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
    location ~ \\.php$ \{  
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;  
    fastcgi\_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;  
    fastcgi\_index index.php;  
    fastcgi\_param SCRIPT\_FILENAME $document\_root$fastcgi\_script\_name;  
    include fastcgi\_params;  
    \}  
    \}

[66f26f1465f4c1de64a2e936e652c2c9.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/66f26f1465f4c1de64a2e936e652c2c9.png
[https_www.vip9999.top]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.vip9999.top