【Spring Security】006-Spring Security 微服务权限方案：前言、认证过程分析、需求说明、权限管理数据模型介绍

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2023-10-05 17:03 9阅读 0赞

# 一、前言 #

这个教程前面非常好，我学着非常享受，但是微服务权限方案这部分很多东西都是复制进去的，我最讨厌复制代码了！但是我一直在努力学下去，**这里的笔记非常的机械化**，没有什自己的思考，按照老师讲课的内容写的，仅作参考吧！

# 二、认证过程分析 #

## 1、认证过程分析 ##

### 什么是微服务： ###

微服务的由来：

微服务最早由 Martin Fowler 与 James Lewis 于 2014 年共同提出，微服务架构风格是一种使用一套小服务来开发单个应用的方式途径，每个服务运行在自己的进程中，并使用轻量级机制通信，通常是 HTTP API，这些服务基于业务能力构建，并能够通过自动化部署机制来独立部署，这些服务使用不同的编程语言实现，以及不同数据存储技术，并保持最低限度的集中式管理；

微服务的优势：

（1）微服务每个模块就相当于一个单独的项目，代码量明显减少，遇到问题也相对来说比较好解决；

（2）微服务每个模块都可以使用不同的存储方式（比如有的用 redis，有的用 mysql等），数据库也是单个模块对应自己的数据库；

（3）微服务每个模块都可以使用不同的开发技术，开发模式更灵活；

微服务本质：

（1）微服务，关键其实不仅仅是微服务本身，而是系统要提供一套基础的架构，这种架构使得微服务可以独立的部署、运行、升级，不仅如此，这个系统架构还让微服务与微服务之间在结构上“松耦合”，而在功能上则表现为一个统一的整体。这种所谓的“统一的整体”表现出来的是统一风格的界面，统一的权限管理，统一的安全策略，统一的上线过程，统一的日志和审计方法，统一的调度方式，统一的访问入口等等；

（2）微服务的目的是有效的拆分应用，实现敏捷开发和部署；

## 2、微服务认证和授权的实现过程 ##

### 两种认证和授权的实现方式： ###

（1）如果是基于 Session，那么 Spring-security 会对 cookie 里的 sessionid 进行解析，找到服务器存储的 session 信息，然后判断当前用户是否符合请求的要求； （2）如果是 token，则是解析出 token，然后将当前请求加入到 Spring-security 管理的权限信息中去（更简单）；

（关于token：可以认为token是按照一定规则生成的字符串，里面可以包含用户信息）

### 基于token实现图解： ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 说明： ###

如果系统的模块众多，每个模块都需要进行授权与认证，所以我们选择基于 token 的形式进行授权与认证，用户根据用户名密码认证成功，然后获取当前用户角色的一系列权限值，并以用户名为 key，权限列表为 value 的形式存入 redis 缓存中，根据用户名相关信息生成 token 返回，浏览器将 token 记录到 cookie 中，每次调用 api 接口都默认将 token 携带到 header 请求头中，Spring-security 解析 header 头获取 token 信息，解析 token 获取当前用户名，根据用户名就可以从 redis 中获取权限列表，这样 Spring-security 就能够判断当前请求是否有权限访问；

# 三、案例：需求说明 #

权限管理需求功能点：登录（认证）——添加角色——为角色设置权限——添加用户——为用户设置角色；

# 四、案例：权限管理数据模型介绍 #

## 1、数据模型图示 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

### 说明： ###

实际上我们前面已经把这几张表建好了，但是这几张表比较简单，我们这里演示的功能较为完善，所以就重新建表，上面的就废弃了，单废弃并不意味着无用，至少可以展示一组简单的模型，作为以后的参考；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

## 2、功能 ##

添加角色——为角色设置菜单；

添加用户——为用户设置角色；

## 3、建表SQL语句（已压缩） ##

# Host: localhost (Version 5.7.19) # Date: 2019-11-18 15:49:15 # Generator: MySQL-Front 6.1 (Build 1.26) # # Structure for table "acl_permission" # CREATE TABLE `acl_permission` ( `id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '编号', `pid` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '所属上级', `name` VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '名称', `type` TINYINT ( 3 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '类型(1:菜单,2:按钮)', `permission_value` VARCHAR ( 50 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限值', `path` VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '访问路径', `component` VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '组件路径', `icon` VARCHAR ( 50 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图标', `status` TINYINT ( 4 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '状态(0:禁止,1:正常)', `is_deleted` TINYINT ( 1 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除 1（true）已删除， 0（false）未删除', `gmt_create` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', `gmt_modified` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ), KEY `idx_pid` ( `pid` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT = '权限';# # Data for table "acl_permission" # INSERT INTO `acl_permission` VALUES ( '1', '0', '全部数据', 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:13:06', '2019-11-15 17:13:06' ),( '1195268474480156673', '1', '权限管理', 1, NULL, '/acl', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:13:06', '2019-11-18 13:54:25' ),( '1195268616021139457', '1195268474480156673', '用户管理', 1, NULL, 'user/list', '/acl/user/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:13:40', '2019-11-18 13:53:12' ),( '1195268788138598401', '1195268474480156673', '角色管理', 1, NULL, 'role/list', '/acl/role/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:14:21', '2019-11-15 17:14:21' ),( '1195268893830864898', '1195268474480156673', '菜单管理', 1, NULL, 'menu/list', '/acl/menu/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:14:46', '2019-11-15 17:14:46' ),( '1195269143060602882', '1195268616021139457', '查看', 2, 'user.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:15:45', '2019-11-17 21:57:16' ),( '1195269295926206466', '1195268616021139457', '添加', 2, 'user.add', 'user/add', '/acl/user/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:16:22', '2019-11-15 17:16:22' ),( '1195269473479483394', '1195268616021139457', '修改', 2, 'user.update', 'user/update/:id', '/acl/user/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:17:04', '2019-11-15 17:17:04' ),( '1195269547269873666', '1195268616021139457', '删除', 2, 'user.remove', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:17:22', '2019-11-15 17:17:22' ),( '1195269821262782465', '1195268788138598401', '修改', 2, 'role.update', 'role/update/:id', '/acl/role/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:18:27', '2019-11-15 17:19:53' ),( '1195269903542444034', '1195268788138598401', '查看', 2, 'role.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:18:47', '2019-11-15 17:18:47' ),( '1195270037005197313', '1195268788138598401', '添加', 2, 'role.add', 'role/add', '/acl/role/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:19:19', '2019-11-18 11:05:42' ),( '1195270442602782721', '1195268788138598401', '删除', 2, 'role.remove', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:20:55', '2019-11-15 17:20:55' ),( '1195270621548568578', '1195268788138598401', '角色权限', 2, 'role.acl', 'role/distribution/:id', '/acl/role/roleForm', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:21:38', '2019-11-15 17:21:38' ),( '1195270744097742849', '1195268893830864898', '查看', 2, 'permission.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:22:07', '2019-11-15 17:22:07' ),( '1195270810560684034', '1195268893830864898', '添加', 2, 'permission.add', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:22:23', '2019-11-15 17:22:23' ),( '1195270862100291586', '1195268893830864898', '修改', 2, 'permission.update', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:22:35', '2019-11-15 17:22:35' ),( '1195270887933009922', '1195268893830864898', '删除', 2, 'permission.remove', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 17:22:41', '2019-11-15 17:22:41' ),( '1195349439240048642', '1', '讲师管理', 1, NULL, '/edu/teacher', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:34:49', '2019-11-15 22:34:49' ),( '1195349699995734017', '1195349439240048642', '讲师列表', 1, NULL, 'list', '/edu/teacher/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:35:52', '2019-11-15 22:35:52' ),( '1195349810561781761', '1195349439240048642', '添加讲师', 1, NULL, 'create', '/edu/teacher/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:36:18', '2019-11-15 22:36:18' ),( '1195349876252971010', '1195349810561781761', '添加', 2, 'teacher.add', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:36:34', '2019-11-15 22:36:34' ),( '1195349979797753857', '1195349699995734017', '查看', 2, 'teacher.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:36:58', '2019-11-15 22:36:58' ),( '1195350117270261762', '1195349699995734017', '修改', 2, 'teacher.update', 'edit/:id', '/edu/teacher/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:37:31', '2019-11-15 22:37:31' ),( '1195350188359520258', '1195349699995734017', '删除', 2, 'teacher.remove', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:37:48', '2019-11-15 22:37:48' ),( '1195350299365969922', '1', '课程分类', 1, NULL, '/edu/subject', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:38:15', '2019-11-15 22:38:15' ),( '1195350397751758850', '1195350299365969922', '课程分类列表', 1, NULL, 'list', '/edu/subject/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:38:38', '2019-11-15 22:38:38' ),( '1195350500512206850', '1195350299365969922', '导入课程分类', 1, NULL, 'import', '/edu/subject/import', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:39:03', '2019-11-15 22:39:03' ),( '1195350612172967938', '1195350397751758850', '查看', 2, 'subject.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:39:29', '2019-11-15 22:39:29' ),( '1195350687590748161', '1195350500512206850', '导入', 2, 'subject.import', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:39:47', '2019-11-15 22:39:47' ),( '1195350831744782337', '1', '课程管理', 1, NULL, '/edu/course', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:40:21', '2019-11-15 22:40:21' ),( '1195350919074385921', '1195350831744782337', '课程列表', 1, NULL, 'list', '/edu/course/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:40:42', '2019-11-15 22:40:42' ),( '1195351020463296513', '1195350831744782337', '发布课程', 1, NULL, 'info', '/edu/course/info', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:41:06', '2019-11-15 22:41:06' ),( '1195351159672246274', '1195350919074385921', '完成发布', 2, 'course.publish', 'publish/:id', '/edu/course/publish', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:41:40', '2019-11-15 22:44:01' ),( '1195351326706208770', '1195350919074385921', '编辑课程', 2, 'course.update', 'info/:id', '/edu/course/info', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:42:19', '2019-11-15 22:42:19' ),( '1195351566221938690', '1195350919074385921', '编辑课程大纲', 2, 'chapter.update', 'chapter/:id', '/edu/course/chapter', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:43:17', '2019-11-15 22:43:17' ),( '1195351862889254913', '1', '统计分析', 1, NULL, '/statistics/daily', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:44:27', '2019-11-15 22:44:27' ),( '1195351968841568257', '1195351862889254913', '生成统计', 1, NULL, 'create', '/statistics/daily/create', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:44:53', '2019-11-15 22:44:53' ),( '1195352054917074946', '1195351862889254913', '统计图表', 1, NULL, 'chart', '/statistics/daily/chart', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:45:13', '2019-11-15 22:45:13' ),( '1195352127734386690', '1195352054917074946', '查看', 2, 'daily.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:45:30', '2019-11-15 22:45:30' ),( '1195352215768633346', '1195351968841568257', '生成', 2, 'daily.add', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:45:51', '2019-11-15 22:45:51' ),( '1195352547621965825', '1', 'CMS管理', 1, NULL, '/cms', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:47:11', '2019-11-18 10:51:46' ),( '1195352856645701633', '1195353513549205505', '查看', 2, 'banner.list', '', NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:48:24', '2019-11-15 22:48:24' ),( '1195352909401657346', '1195353513549205505', '添加', 2, 'banner.add', 'banner/add', '/cms/banner/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:48:37', '2019-11-18 10:52:10' ),( '1195353051395624961', '1195353513549205505', '修改', 2, 'banner.update', 'banner/update/:id', '/cms/banner/form', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:49:11', '2019-11-18 10:52:05' ),( '1195353513549205505', '1195352547621965825', 'Bander列表', 1, NULL, 'banner/list', '/cms/banner/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:51:01', '2019-11-18 10:51:29' ),( '1195353672110673921', '1195353513549205505', '删除', 2, 'banner.remove', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:51:39', '2019-11-15 22:51:39' ),( '1195354076890370050', '1', '订单管理', 1, NULL, '/order', 'Layout', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:53:15', '2019-11-15 22:53:15' ),( '1195354153482555393', '1195354076890370050', '订单列表', 1, NULL, 'list', '/order/list', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:53:33', '2019-11-15 22:53:58' ),( '1195354315093282817', '1195354153482555393', '查看', 2, 'order.list', '', '', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-15 22:54:12', '2019-11-15 22:54:12' ),( '1196301740985311234', '1195268616021139457', '分配角色', 2, 'user.assgin', 'user/role/:id', '/acl/user/roleForm', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-18 13:38:56', '2019-11-18 13:38:56' );# # Structure for table "acl_role" # CREATE TABLE `acl_role` ( `id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '角色id', `role_name` VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '角色名称', `role_code` VARCHAR ( 20 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色编码', `remark` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注', `is_deleted` TINYINT ( 1 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除 1（true）已删除， 0（false）未删除', `gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', `gmt_modified` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;# # Data for table "acl_role" # INSERT INTO `acl_role` VALUES ( '1', '普通管理员', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-11 13:09:32', '2019-11-18 10:27:18' ),( '1193757683205607426', '课程管理员', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-11 13:09:45', '2019-11-18 10:25:44' ),( '1196300996034977794', 'test', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-18 13:35:58', '2019-11-18 13:35:58' );# # Structure for table "acl_role_permission" # CREATE TABLE `acl_role_permission` ( `id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `role_id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `permission_id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `is_deleted` TINYINT ( 1 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除 1（true）已删除， 0（false）未删除', `gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', `gmt_modified` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ), KEY `idx_role_id` ( `role_id` ), KEY `idx_permission_id` ( `permission_id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COMMENT = '角色权限';# # Data for table "acl_role_permission" # INSERT INTO `acl_role_permission` VALUES ( '1196301979754455041', '1', '1', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979792203778', '1', '1195268474480156673', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979821563906', '1', '1195268616021139457', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979842535426', '1', '1195269143060602882', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979855118338', '1', '1195269295926206466', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979880284161', '1', '1195269473479483394', 1, '2019-11-18 13:39:53', '2019-11-18 13:39:53' ),( '1196301979913838593', '1', 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'会员id', `username` VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '微信openid', `password` VARCHAR ( 32 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '密码', `nick_name` VARCHAR ( 50 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '昵称', `salt` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户头像', `token` VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户签名', `is_deleted` TINYINT ( 1 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除 1（true）已删除， 0（false）未删除', `gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', `gmt_modified` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ), UNIQUE KEY `uk_username` ( `username` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT = '用户表';# # Data for table "acl_user" # INSERT INTO `acl_user` VALUES ( '1', 'admin', '96e79218965eb72c92a549dd5a330112', 'admin', '', NULL, 0, '2019-11-01 10:39:47', '2019-11-01 10:39:47' ),( '2', 'test', '96e79218965eb72c92a549dd5a330112', 'test', NULL, NULL, 0, '2019-11-01 16:36:07', '2019-11-01 16:40:08' );# # Structure for table "acl_user_role" # CREATE TABLE `acl_user_role` ( `id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '主键id', `role_id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '角色id', `user_id` CHAR ( 19 ) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '用户id', `is_deleted` TINYINT ( 1 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除 1（true）已删除， 0（false）未删除', `gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', `gmt_modified` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ), KEY `idx_role_id` ( `role_id` ), KEY `idx_user_id` ( `user_id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;# # Data for table "acl_user_role" # INSERT INTO `acl_user_role` VALUES ( '1', '1', '2', 0, '2019-11-11 13:09:53', '2019-11-11 13:09:53' );

# 五、案例：使用技术说明 #

### Maven： ###

Maven项目构建、打包、依赖；

**创建父工程：管理项目依赖版本；**

**创建子模块：使用具体以来；**

### Spring Boot： ###

Spring Cloud基于Spring Boot；

Spring Boot本质上就是Spring，只是进行了封装简化；

### MybatisPlus： ###

用于操作数据库，本质上就是Mybatis；

### Spring Cloud： ###

一系列框架的集合；

我们用到：GateWay网关；注册中心（阿里巴巴的Nacos）；

### 其他技术点： ###

Redis（存储Token），Jwt（生成Token），Swagger（接口测试），前端技术；

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