linux常用命令：系统目录说明及命令ls，cp，touch，history，gparted分区

以你之姓@ 2023-10-05 11:08 10阅读 0赞

## linux的一些重要目录概览 ##

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## `/usr/bin`和`/usr/sbin`的区别 ##

*  sbin目录是只有系统管理员才能执行的命令，system binary。
 *  比如`useradd`命令只有系统管理员才能执行

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## `/etc`目录是存放配置文件的 ##

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## `/tmp`目录会被定时清除 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006153614517.png_pic_center]

### `rm -fr /tmp`和`rm -fr /tmp/*`的区别 ###

*  `rm -fr /tmp`会将`/tmp`目录删除

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006153725762.png_pic_center]

> 不要删除`/tmp`目录，比如启动图形界面时会往/tmp目录写文件，如果没有该目录，启动图形化界面会报错。

*  从redhat 6开始，如果删除了/tmp目录，reboot后系统会帮助重新创建一个。

### `startx`命令进入图形界面 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006153853388.png_pic_center]

## 绝对路径和相对路径 ##

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### `.`和`..`的含义 ###

*  每个目录都有.和…这两个目录
 *  .表示当前目录
 *  …表示上级目录

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## `ls`命令 ##

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### `ls -R`递归显示当前目录 ###

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## `cp`命令 ##

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### `cp -r`递归拷贝目录 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006155858652.png_pic_center]

### `cp -d`仅拷贝快捷方式本身 ###

*  不加-d拷贝的是快捷方式对应的目录

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006160204858.png_pic_center]

### `cp -a`拷贝所有 ###

*  递归拷贝
 *  保留时间
 *  拷贝快捷方式本身
 *  `-a` = `-d` \+ `-r` \+ `-p`

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006160340694.png_pic_center]  
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### `cp`默认是`cp -i`带交互式询问 ###

*  如果是`/bin/cp`就没有交互式功能

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## 打包和解压缩是文件备份的正确方式 ##

*  tar的方式会将元数据信息也打包进去

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006161123307.png_pic_center]

## `alias`显示别名命令 ##

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## `touch`命令 ##

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## 用户 ##

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### `x`表示用户需要验证 ###

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*  将user1的`x`去掉，切换到user1目录将不需要验证

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*  无需密码，成功切换

![在这里插入图片描述][20201006162813137.png_pic_center]

## 硬链接和软链接 ##

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## `history`查看历史命令 ##

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*  默认记录1000条命令
 *  centos可以通过`vim /etc/profile`文件修改
 *  ubuntu通过`～/.bashrc`文件修改`HISTSIZE`

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## `gparted`分区工具 ##

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