Spring-Cloud 微服务网关GateWay的过滤和限流

妖狐艹你老母 2023-10-05 10:32 48阅读 0赞

#### 微服务网关GateWay ####

*  一. 案例
 *   *  1. 创建 gateway 模块
     *  2. 导入依赖
     *  3. 创建 application.yml 文件
     *  4. 创建启动类
     *  5. 在页面就可以通过 gateway 网关访问了
 *  二. 动态路由和添加访问路径
 *   *  1. 添加依赖
     *  2. 修改 application.yml 中配置
     *  3. 在页面访问路径
 *  三. GateWay 过滤器
 *   *  1. 在 filters 包下 创建 PowerFilter类
     *  2. 在页面访问
 *  四. GateWay 限流
 *   *  1.添加依赖
     *  2. 在 config 包下创建 LimitConfig 类
     *  3. 修改 application.yml 文件
     *  4. 启动 Redis 服务，并进入客户端输入指令开启监控
     *  5. 在页面快速连续的访问
     *  6. 查看监控信息

## 一. 案例 ##

### 1. 创建 gateway 模块 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

### 2. 导入依赖 ###

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>

gateway和web依赖存在冲突，所以需要将父模块中的 spring-boot-startet-web 依赖分别添加到需要使用的子模块中，不然启动会出现如下错误  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

### 3. 创建 application.yml 文件 ###

server:
      port: 7005
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/
      instance:
        prefer-ip-address: true
    spring:
      application:
        name: gateway-server
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
            - id: integral-server # 自定义路由id，唯一
              uri: http://127.0.0.1:8001
              predicates: #路由条件，Predicate 接受一个输入参数，返回一个布尔值结果
                - Path=/**

### 4. 创建启动类 ###

package com.ddz;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MyGatewayServer {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(MyGatewayServer.class, args);
        }
    }

### 5. 在页面就可以通过 gateway 网关访问了 ###

链接：[http://localhost:7005/findOrderByUser?uid=1][http_localhost_7005_findOrderByUser_uid_1]

## 二. 动态路由和添加访问路径 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

### 1. 添加依赖 ###

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>

### 2. 修改 application.yml 中配置 ###

gateway:
          routes:
            - id: user-server # 自定义路由id，唯一
              uri: lb://user-server
              predicates: #路由条件，Predicate 接受一个输入参数，返回一个布尔值结果
                - Path=/user/**  # 访问url
              filters: # 访问真实路径 
              -RewritePath=/user/(?<segment>/?.*), $\{
        segment}

> 真实路径替换 /user/(?/?.\*), $\{segment\} 例如： localhost:8080/user/get 转换后 localhost:8080/get  
> 不明白的可以[参考博客][Link 1]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

### 3. 在页面访问路径 ###

链接：[http://localhost:7005/user/findOrderByUser?uid=1][http_localhost_7005_user_findOrderByUser_uid_1]

## 三. GateWay 过滤器 ##

### 1. 在 filters 包下 创建 PowerFilter类 ###

校验所有请求的请求头中是否包含“token”  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

### 2. 在页面访问 ###

再去访问：[http://localhost:7005/user/findOrderByUser?uid=1][http_localhost_7005_user_findOrderByUser_uid_1] 就会被拦截  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

## 四. GateWay 限流 ##

基于Filter的限流
    SpringCloudGateway官方就提供了基于令牌桶的限流支持。基于其内置的过滤器工厂 
    RequestRateLimiterGatewayFilterFactory 实现。在过滤器工厂中是通过Redis和lua脚本结合的方式进行流量控制。

### 1.添加依赖 ###

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
            </dependency>

### 2. 在 config 包下创建 LimitConfig 类 ###

package com.ddz.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ratelimit.KeyResolver;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    @Configuration
    public class LimitConfig {
        
        /**
         * 按照 Path 访问次数限流
         *
         * @return key
         */
        @Bean
        public KeyResolver pathKeyResolver() {
        
            return exchange -> Mono.just(
                    exchange.getRequest()
                            .getPath()
                            .toString()
            );
        }
        
    //    /**
    //     * 按照 Path 访问次数限流
    //     */
    //    @Bean
    //    public KeyResolver pathKeyResolver() {
        
    //        /* 内部类 */
    //        return new KeyResolver() {
        
    //            @Override
    //            public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        
    //                System.out.println("---" + exchange.getRequest().getPath().toString());
    //                return Mono.just(exchange.getRequest().getPath().toString());
    //            }
    //        };
    //    }
    
    //   /**
    //     * 根据IP限流
    //     */
    //    @Bean
    //    public KeyResolver ipKeyResolver() {
        
    //        return exchange -> Mono.just(
    //                exchange.getRequest()
    //                        .getRemoteAddress()
    //                        .getHostName()
    //        );
    //    }
    
        /**
         * 根据token限流
         */
    //    @Bean
    //    public KeyResolver tokenKeyResolver() {
        
    //        return new KeyResolver() {
        
    //            @Override
    //            public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        
    //                return Mono.just(exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("token"));
    //            }
    //        };
    //    }
    
    }

### 3. 修改 application.yml 文件 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

filters:
              - name: RequestRateLimiter #固定的
                args:
                  key-resolver: '#{@pathKeyResolver}' # 用于限流的键的解析器的 Bean 对象的名字。它使用 SpEL 表达式根据#{@beanName}从 Spring 容器中获取 Bean 对象。
                  redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 1 # 令牌桶每秒填充平均速率
                  redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 3 # 令牌桶的总容量
      redis:
       host: 127.0.0.1
       port: 6379
       password: ddz123
       database: 3

### 4. 启动 Redis 服务，并进入客户端输入指令开启监控 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

### 5. 在页面快速连续的访问 ###

链接：[http://localhost:7005/user/findOrderByUser?uid=1&token=1001][http_localhost_7005_user_findOrderByUser_uid_1_token_1001]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

### 6. 查看监控信息 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200924203841231.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[http_localhost_7005_findOrderByUser_uid_1]: http://localhost:7005/findOrderByUser?uid=1
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200924211230887.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43199379/article/details/107768203
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[http_localhost_7005_user_findOrderByUser_uid_1]: http://localhost:7005/user/findOrderByUser?uid=1
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020092421424372.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYyNjI4OA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
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[http_localhost_7005_user_findOrderByUser_uid_1_token_1001]: http://localhost:7005/user/findOrderByUser?uid=1&token=1001
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