python数据分析——初识pyecharts柱状图

Bertha 。 2023-10-05 09:09 54阅读 0赞

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一、pyecharts简介  
pyecharts主要基于Web浏览器进行显示，绘制的图形比较多，包括折线图、柱状图、饼图、漏斗图 地图和极坐标图等。使用pyecharts绘图代码量很少，但绘制的图形比较美观。

pyecharts 分为 v0.5.X 和 v1 两个大版本，v0.5.X 和 v1 间不兼容，v1 是一个全新的版本 v0.5.X支持 Python2.7，3.4+。

经开发团队决定，0.5.x 版本将不再进行维护，0.5.x 版本代码位于 05x 分支 ，v1仅支持 Python3.6+，新版本系列将从 v1.0.0 开始。

本文所讲主要基于 pyecharts 1.7.1 版本进行展示 安装命令为：

pip install pyecharts==1.7.1

二、pyecharts柱状图/条形图全解  
1.基本柱状图/条形图

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]bar = (    
      Bar() 
      .add_xaxis(l1)    
      .add_yaxis("基本柱状图", l2)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"))
    )bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

参数介绍：

add\_xaxis:添加横坐标，需传入列表 add\_yaxis:添加纵坐标，需传入列表，且列表元素为数值

2.添加坐标轴名称

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
    bar = (  
      Bar()    
      .add_xaxis(l1)    
      .add_yaxis("基本柱状图", l2)    
      .set_global_opts( 
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例"),     
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name="人流量"),    
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name="星期"),)
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

3.多个纵坐标的柱状图/条形图

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]l3=[300,400,500,400,300,200,100]
    bar = (
      Bar()   
      .add_xaxis(l1)    
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .add_yaxis("l3", l3)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"), toolbox_opts=opts.BrushOpts(),)
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

opts.BrushOpts()为圈选工具，如图形右上角所示

4.设置柱状图间隔和颜色

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
    bar = (    
      Bar()    
           .add_xaxis(l1)    
           .add_yaxis("l2",l2,category_gap=0, color='#FFFF00')    
           .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"))
          )
    bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

category\_gap:设置间隔

color：设置柱状图颜色

5.横向柱状图  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]l3=[300,400,500,400,300,200,100]
    bar = (    
      Bar()    
      .add_xaxis(l1)    
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .add_yaxis("l3", l3)    
      .reversal_axis()    
      .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position="right"))    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="横向柱状图"))
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

reversal\_axis将图形反转

position="right"表示将数值在图形右侧显示，同理left、center分别表示左侧和中间

6.显示最大值、最小值和平均值  
a.标记线  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Barimport random
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
    bar = (    
      Bar()   
      .add_xaxis(l1)   
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="标记线柱状图"))    
      .set_series_opts(       
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),       
                       markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(           
                         data=[               
                           opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),                
                           opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),                
                           opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),           
                         ]       
                       ),    
      )
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

b.标记点

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Barimport random
    l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
    l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
    bar = (    
      Bar()    
      .add_xaxis(l1)   
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="标记线柱状图"))    
      .set_series_opts(        
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),        
        markpoint_opts=opts.MarkPointOpts(            
          data=[                
            opts.MarkPointItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),                
            opts.MarkPointItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),               
            opts.MarkPointItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),            
            ]        
            ),    
            )
            )bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

7.旋转x轴坐标  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts im
    port Barimport random
    l1=['很长很长很长很长很长的坐标轴{}'.format(i) for i in range(10)]
    l2=[random.choice(range(10,100,10)) for i in range(10)]
    bar = (    
      Bar()    
           .add_xaxis(l1)    
           .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
           .set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=-15)),                     
                            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-旋转X轴标签", subtitle="解决标签名字过长的问题"))
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

rotate=-15表示将坐标轴逆时针旋转15度

8.横坐标缩放  
a.整体缩放（type\_=“inside”）

```python
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Barimport random
    l1=['{}日'.format(i) for i in range(1,31)]
    l2=[random.choice(range(100,3100,100)) for i in range(1,31)]
    bar = (    
      Bar()    
      .add_xaxis(l1)    
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="区域缩放柱状图"),                     
                       datazoom_opts=opts.DataZoomOpts(type_="inside"))
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZHJvaWR5dWV4aWE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

b.左右滑动缩放
    
    ```python
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Barimport random
    l1=['{}日'.format(i) for i in range(1,31)]
    l2=[random.choice(range(100,3100,100)) for i in range(1,31)]bar = (    
      Bar()    
      .add_xaxis(l1)   
      .add_yaxis("l2", l2)    
      .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="区域缩放柱状图"),                     
                       datazoom_opts=opts.DataZoomOpts(type_="slider"))
    )
    bar.render_notebook()

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本次主要介绍了pyecharts柱状图的常见形式，后续会出来pyecharts柱状图的高阶用法，敬请关注！

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