Spring cloud alibaba--Gateway网关

港控/mmm° 2023-10-03 13:01 24阅读 0赞

**目录**

1.网关简介

2.什么是spring cloud gateway

2.1核心概念

3.Spring Cloud Gateway快速开始

4.Gateway整合Nacos

5.路由断言工厂（Route Predicate Factories）配置

6.自定义路由断言工厂

7.Filter过滤器

8.自定义过滤器

9.自定义全局过滤器（Global Filters）

10.Gateway跨域配置（CORS Configuration）

11.Gateway整合Sentinel进行流控

12.流控配置说明

13.自定义重写流控返回信息

--------------------

#### 1.网关简介 ####

所谓的网关就是指系统的统一入口，它封装了运用程序的内部结构，为客户端提供统一的服务，一些与业务功能无关的公共逻辑可以在这里实现，诸如认证、鉴权、监控、路由转发等。

#### 2.什么是spring cloud gateway ####

网关作为流量的入口，常用的功能包括路由转发、权限校验、限流等。

spring cloud gateway是spring cloud推出的第二代网关，是由WebFlux+Netty+Reactor实现的响应式的API网关，它不能在传统的servlet容器中工作，也不能构建成war包；旨在为微服务提供一种简单且有效的API路由的管理方式，并基于Filter的方式提供网关的基本功能，例如安全认证、监控、限流等。

**spring cloud gateway功能特性：**

（1）基于spring Framework5、Project Reactor和spring boot 2.0进行构建

（2）动态路由：能够匹配任何请求属性

（3）支持路径重写

（4）集成spring cloud服务发现功能（nacos）

（5）可集成流控级功能（sentinel）

（6）可以对路由指定易于编写的Predicate（断言）、Filter（过滤器）

#### 2.1核心概念 ####

路由（Route）：

路由是网关中最重要的部分，路由信息包括一个ID、一个目的URL、一组断言工厂、一组Filter组成。如果断言为真，则说明请求的URL和配置的路由匹配。

断言（Predicate）：

java8中的断言函数，spring cloud gateway中的断言函数类型是spring 5.0框架中的ServerWebExchange。断言函数允许开发者去定义匹配Http request中的任何信息，比如请求头和参数。

过滤器（Filter）：

分为Gateway filter和Global filter，Filter可以对请求和响应进行处理。

#### **3.Spring Cloud Gateway快速开始** ####

（1）创建maven工程

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

（2）pom.xml中导入需要的依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.1</version>
            </dependency>

（3）application.properties中配置路由断言和过滤器

server.port=8086
    
    spring.application.name=api-gateway
    
    #gateway配置
    #网关唯一标识，路由到order，routes是集合，使用数组索引来设置
    spring.cloud.gateway.routes[0].id=order_route
    #需要转发的地址
    spring.cloud.gateway.routes[0].uri=http://localhost:8084
    #断言规则,predicates也是一个集合，http://localhost:8086/order-serv/order/add 路由到
    #http://localhost:8085/order-serv/order/add
    spring.cloud.gateway.routes[0].predicates[0]=Path=/order-serv/**
    #过滤器，转发之前去掉第一层路径：http://localhost:8085/order/add
    spring.cloud.gateway.routes[0].filters[0]=StripPrefix=1

（4）浏览器中访问网关配置的地址，可以路由到我们配置服务器地址

#### ![20210809222705202.png][]4.Gateway整合Nacos ####

在配置文件中写死的转发地址，会存在很多问题，我们需要集成nacos，从注册中心中获取此地址

（1）pom.xml中添加nacos的依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>

（2）application.properties中配置nacos连接信息

#nacos服务连接地址
    spring.cloud.nacos.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
    #nacos discovery连接用户名
    spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.username=nacos
    #nacos discovery连接密码
    spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.password=nacos
    #nacos discovery工作空间
    spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.workspace=public

（3）application.properties中配置路由的uri为需要访问的服务名，前缀lb（loadBalance负载均衡）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

对应需要访问的order服务

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

此时nacos中是有order-service服务的

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

（4）重启服务，是可以路由到我们的order服务的

![20210809223821788.png][]

（5）简写：去掉关于路由的配置，自动寻找服务，根据访问的地址，自动从nacos中找到服务进行路由。application.properties中配置

#自动识别nacos服务，默认是关闭的，开启后会根据访问的地址http://localhost:8086/order-service/order/add
    #自动路由到order-service服务上
    spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.enabled=true

注释了其它路由的配置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

自动寻找服务也是可以正常访问服务

![20210809224922286.png][]

#### 5.路由断言工厂（Route Predicate Factories）配置 ####

作用：当请求gateway的时候，使用断言对请求进行匹配，如果匹配成功就路由转发，匹配不成功返回404

类型：内置

官网参考地址：[Spring Cloud Gateway][]

SpringCloud Gateway包括许多内置的断言工厂，所有这些断言都与HTTP请求的不同属性匹配。

（1）基于DateTime类型的断言工厂

此类型的断言工厂根据时间做判断，主要有三个：

AfterRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个日期参数，判断请求日期是否晚于指定日期。

BeforeRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个日期参数，判断请求日期是否早于指定日期

BetweenRoutePredicateFactory：接收两个日期参数，判断请求日期是否在指定时间段内

- After=2019-12-31T23:59:59.789+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]

路由规则改为当前时间之后

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

系统访问404

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

日期改为当前日期之前

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][] 服务正常访问

![20210810203041461.png][]

（2）基于远程地址的断言工厂

RemoteAddrRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个IP地址段，判断请求主机地址是否在地址段中

- RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24

（3）基于Cookie的断言工厂

CookieRoutePredicateFactory：接收两个参数，cookie名字和一个正则表达式，判断cookie是否具有给定名称且值与正则表达式匹配。

-Cookie=chocolate,ch.

（4）基于Header的断言工厂

HeaderRoutePredicateFactory：接收两个参数，标题名称和正则表达式，判断请求Header是否具有给定名称值与正则表达式匹配。

-Header=X-Request-Id,\d+

（5）基于Host的断言工厂

HostRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个参数，主机名模式，判断请求的Host是否满足匹配规则。

-Host=**.testhost.org

（6）基于Method请求方法的断言工厂

MethodRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个参数，判断请求类型是否跟指定的类型匹配

-Method=GET

（7）基于Path请求路径的断言工厂

PathRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个参数，判断请求的URI部分是否满足路径规则

-Path=/foo/{segment}

（8）基于Query请求参数的断言工厂

QueryRoutePredicateFactory：接收两个参数，请求param和正则表达式，判断请求参数是否具有给定个名称且值与正则表达式匹配

-Query=baz,ba.

（9）基于路由权重的断言工厂

WeightRoutePredicateFactory：接收一个\[组名,权重\]，然后对于同一个组内的路由按照权重转发

spring:
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
          - id: weight_high
            uri: https://weighthigh.org
            predicates:
            - Weight=group1, 8
          - id: weight_low
            uri: https://weightlow.org
            predicates:
            - Weight=group1, 2

#### 6.自定义路由断言工厂 ####

自定义路由断言工厂需要继承AbstractRoutePredicateFactory类，重写apply的方法逻辑，在apply方法中通过exchange.getRequest()拿到ServerHttpRequest对象，从而可以获取到请求的参数、请求方式、请求头等信息

**注意：**

**类的命名需要以RoutePredicateFactory结尾；**

**必须使用spring的bean加载到容器中；**

**必须继承AbstractRoutePredicateFactory；**

**必须声明静态内部类，声明属性来接收配置文件中对应的断言信息；**

**需要结合shortcutFieldOrder进行绑定；**

**通过apply进行逻辑判断，true就是匹配成功，false则匹配失败**

（1）创建一个类CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory，里面的处理代码，可以直接复制一份

QueryRoutePredicateFactory逻辑代码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

package com.qingyun.predicate;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.AbstractRoutePredicateFactory;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.GatewayPredicate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.function.Predicate;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.function.Predicate;
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    
    /**
     * 自定义断言工厂
     */
    @Component
    public class CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory extends AbstractRoutePredicateFactory<CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory.Config> {
        public static final String PARAM_KEY = "param";
        public static final String REGEXP_KEY = "regexp";
    
        public CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory() {
            super(CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory.Config.class);
        }
    
        public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {
            return Arrays.asList("param", "regexp");
        }
    
        public Predicate<ServerWebExchange> apply(CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory.Config config) {
            return new GatewayPredicate() {
                public boolean test(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
                    if (!StringUtils.hasText(config.regexp)) {
                        return exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().containsKey(config.param);
                    } else {
                        List<String> values = (List)exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().get(config.param);
                        if (values == null) {
                            return false;
                        } else {
                            Iterator var3 = values.iterator();
    
                            String value;
                            do {
                                if (!var3.hasNext()) {
                                    return false;
                                }
    
                                value = (String)var3.next();
                            } while(value == null || !value.matches(config.regexp));
    
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                public String toString() {
                    return String.format("Query: param=%s regexp=%s", config.getParam(), config.getRegexp());
                }
            };
        }
    
        @Validated
        public static class Config {
            @NotEmpty
            private String param;
            private String regexp;
    
            public Config() {
            }
    
            public String getParam() {
                return this.param;
            }
    
            public CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory.Config setParam(String param) {
                this.param = param;
                return this;
            }
    
            public String getRegexp() {
                return this.regexp;
            }
    
            public CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory.Config setRegexp(String regexp) {
                this.regexp = regexp;
                return this;
            }
        }
    }

（2）自定义的断言类名为CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory，所以application.properties中使用CheckAuth作为断言规则配置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

（3）修改CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory类，定义静态类Config的字段，添加get和set方法，可以接收到application.properties中配置的CheckAuth的值

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

（4）结合中shortcutFieldOrder使用，添加name属性到集合中

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

（5）apply方法中获取Config中的name值，进行判断匹配，返回true或false

（6）访问系统可以正常访问

![2021081021164093.png][]

（7）当改了application.properties中的CheckAuth值后，访问不到服务

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

（8）完整自定义CheckAuthRoutePredicateFactory代码

#### 7.Filter过滤器 ####

官网参考：[Spring Cloud Gateway][Spring Cloud Gateway 1]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

（1）添加请求头AddRequestHeader

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

被调用接口中接收参数

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

参数传递成功

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

（2）为路由转发添加前缀PrefixPath

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

被调用服务需要配置context-path服务前缀

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

（3）RedirectTo重定向到其他服务，访问接口后跳转到配置的服务地址

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

#### 8.自定义过滤器 ####

**注意：**

**类的命名需要以GatewayFilterFactory结尾；**

**必须使用spring的bean加载到容器中；**

**必须继承AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory；**

**必须声明静态内部类，声明属性来接收配置文件中对应的断言信息；**

**需要结合shortcutFieldOrder进行绑定；**

**通过apply进行逻辑判断**

（1）创建一个类CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory，里面的处理代码，可以直接复制一份

RedirectToGatewayFilterFactory逻辑代码

（2）自定义的断言类名为CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory，所以application.properties中使用CheckAuth作为过滤器配置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

（3）修改CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory类，定义静态类Config的字段，添加get和set方法，可以接收到application.properties中配置的CheckAuth的值

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

（4）结合中shortcutFieldOrder使用，添加value属性到集合中

![20210810231140517.png][]

（5）apply方法中获取Config中的value值，进行判断匹配，继续执行或者返回404状态

（6）不带参数或者带的参数不匹配时，访问不到系统

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

（7）当参数与application.properties中的CheckAuth匹配后，正常访问服务

![20210810232154871.png][]

（8）完整自定义CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory代码

package com.qingyun.filter;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.RedirectToGatewayFilterFactory;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.HttpStatusHolder;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.Assert;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    import java.net.URI;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.GatewayToStringStyler.filterToStringCreator;
    import static org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.ServerWebExchangeUtils.setResponseStatus;
    
    @Component
    public class CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory<CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory.Config> {
    
    
    
        public CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory() {
            super(CheckAuthGatewayFilterFactory.Config.class);
        }
    
        @Override
        public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {
            return Arrays.asList("value");
        }
    
        @Override
        public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {
            return new GatewayFilter() {
                @Override
                public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange,
                                         GatewayFilterChain chain) {
                    //获取到请求的参数值
                    String name = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("name");
                    if(config.getValue().equals(name)){  //参数name的值等于配置的值
                        return chain.filter(exchange);  //正常访问服务
                    }else{ //直接返回404
                        exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND); //设置状态码
                        return exchange.getResponse().setComplete(); //设置结束访问
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    
        public static class Config {
           private String value;
    
            public String getValue() {
                return value;
            }
    
            public void setValue(String value) {
                this.value = value;
            }
        }
    }

#### 9.自定义全局过滤器（Global Filters） ####

局部过滤器和全局过滤器区别:

局部：局部针对某个路由，需要在路由中进行配置

全局：针对所有路由请求，一旦配置就会投入使用

实现GlobalFilter接口，重写filter方法

/**
     * 全局过滤器
     */
    @Component
    public class GlobalLogFilter implements GlobalFilter {
    
        Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
            log.info("请求的路径:"+exchange.getRequest().getPath().value());
            //直接返回验证通过
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }
    }

当访问接口时，全局过滤器拦截到请求信息

![20210811194558898.png][]

#### 10.Gateway跨域配置（CORS Configuration） ####

官网参考：[Spring Cloud Gateway][Spring Cloud Gateway 2]

跨域请求错误提示信息：在63342端口的页面调用8086端口的后台，出现跨域

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

在application.properties中配置：

#配置跨域允许（端口1的页面调用端口2的后台，出现跨域）
    #允许跨域访问的资源：[/**]   allowed-origins：跨域允许来源
    spring.cloud.gateway.globalcors.cors-configurations.[/**].allowed-origins=*
    #跨域允许的请求方法（GET/POST...)
    spring.cloud.gateway.globalcors.cors-configurations.[/**].allowed-methods=*
    spring.cloud.gateway.globalcors.cors-configurations.[/**].allowed-headers=*
    spring.cloud.gateway.globalcors.cors-configurations.[/**].allow-credentials=true

写配置类允许跨域：

/**
     * 配置跨域
     */
    @Configuration
    public class CorsConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public CorsWebFilter corsFilter(){
            //配置允许的设置
            CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
            config.addAllowedMethod("*");
            config.addAllowedOrigin("*");
            config.addAllowedHeader("*");
    
            //配置添加到资源中
            UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
            source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**",config);
            
            return new CorsWebFilter(source);
    
        }
    }

配置跨域后请求成功：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

#### 11.Gateway整合Sentinel进行流控 ####

网关作为内部系统外的一层屏障，对内起到一定的保护作用，限流便是其中之一。网关层的限流可以针对不同路由进行限流，也可以针对接口进行限流，或者根据接口的特征进行分组限流。

（1）pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>

（2）application.properties中添加sentinel控制台连接

#整合sentinel控制台
    spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.dashboard=127.0.0.1:8090

（3）重启服务，启动sentinel控制台服务，访问接口，打开sentinel控制台，可以看到sentinel为gateway单独开放不同的菜单

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

（4）针对order\_route进行流控设置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

（5）快速访问网关服务，达到设置的qps后，出现流控

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

#### 12.流控配置说明 ####

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

（1）API类型：RouteId和Api分组

RouteId对应application.properties中配置的id

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

Api分组可以在API管理处添加具有相同属性控制的分组

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

在流控管理页面添加设置，此流控设置将会对这组中设置的接口都有流控效果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

（2）针对请求属性设置

可以设置ip、请求头等信息，匹配模式有精确、子串（结尾匹配）、正则表达式

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33][]

#### 13.自定义重写流控返回信息 ####

默认的流控返回信息不太友好

![20210811230819938.png][]

通过GatewayCallbackManager自定义流控信息

/**
     * 自定义流控返回信息
     */
    @Configuration
    public class GatewayConfig {
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
            BlockRequestHandler blockRequestHandler = new BlockRequestHandler() {
                @Override
                public Mono<ServerResponse> handleRequest(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable t) {
                    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
                    map.put("code", HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
                    map.put("message","被流控了");
    
                    return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.OK)
                            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                            .body(BodyInserters.fromValue(map));
                }
            };
            GatewayCallbackManager.setBlockHandler(blockRequestHandler);
        }
    }

此时在访问接口，被流控后返回自定义的流控信息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1pIQU5HTElaRU5H_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35][]

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[20210809222705202.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210809222705202.png
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[20210809223821788.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210809223821788.png
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[20210809224922286.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210809224922286.png
[Spring Cloud Gateway]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/current/reference/html/#gateway-request-predicates-factories
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[2021081021164093.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021081021164093.png
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[Spring Cloud Gateway 1]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/current/reference/html/#gatewayfilter-factories
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[20210810231140517.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210810231140517.png
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[20210810232154871.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210810232154871.png
[20210811194558898.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210811194558898.png
[Spring Cloud Gateway 2]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/current/reference/html/#cors-configuration
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