Go语言HTML模版和静态资源

布满荆棘的人生 2023-10-03 10:11 11阅读 0赞

# `一. 项目结构` #

>  *  在Go语言中web项目标准结构如下

--项目名
    	--src
    	--static
    		--css
    		--images
    		--js
    	--view
    		--index.html
    	--main.go

>  *  Go语言标准库中html/template包提供了html模版支持,把HTML当作模版可以在访问控制器时显示HTML模版信息
>  *  这也符合标准的MVC思想

# `二.HTML模版显示` #

>  *  使用template.ParseFiles()可以解析多个模版文件

// ParseFiles creates a new Template and parses the template definitions from
    // the named files. The returned template's name will have the (base) name and
    // (parsed) contents of the first file. There must be at least one file.
    // If an error occurs, parsing stops and the returned *Template is nil.
    //
    // When parsing multiple files with the same name in different directories,
    // the last one mentioned will be the one that results.
    // For instance, ParseFiles("a/foo", "b/foo") stores "b/foo" as the template
    // named "foo", while "a/foo" is unavailable.
    func ParseFiles(filenames ...string) (*Template, error) {
        
    	return parseFiles(nil, filenames...)
    }

>  *  把模版信息响应写入到输出流中

// Execute applies a parsed template to the specified data object,
    // writing the output to wr.
    // If an error occurs executing the template or writing its output,
    // execution stops, but partial results may already have been written to
    // the output writer.
    // A template may be executed safely in parallel, although if parallel
    // executions share a Writer the output may be interleaved.
    func (t *Template) Execute(wr io.Writer, data interface{
        }) error {
        
    	if err := t.escape(); err != nil {
        
    		return err
    	}
    	return t.text.Execute(wr, data)
    }

>  *  代码演示,显示index.html信息
>     
>      *  因为配置的pattern为"/"所以资源路径任意,都可以访问到这个HTML

# `三.引用静态文件` #

>  *  把静态文件放入到特定的文件夹中,使用Go语言的文件服务就可以进行加载
>  *  项目结构

--项目
    	--static
    		--js
    			--index.js
    	--view
    		--index.html
    	--main.go

*  index.html代码如下

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
        
        <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/index.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        这是要显示的html页面信息<br/>
        <button onclick="myclick()">按钮</button>
    </body>
    </html>

>  *  index.js代码如下

function myclick(){
        
        alert("您点击了按钮")
    }

>  *  代码示例

package main
    
    import (
    	"net/http"
    	"html/template"
    )
    
    func welcome(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        
    	t, _ := template.ParseFiles("view/index.html")
    	t.Execute(w, nil) //第二个参数表示向模版传递的数据
    }
    
    func main() {
        
    	server := http.Server{
        Addr: ":8090"}
    	/*
    	访问url以/static/开头,就会把访问信息映射到指定的目录中
    	 */
    	http.Handle("/static/", http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("static"))))
    	http.HandleFunc("/", welcome)
    	server.ListenAndServe()
    }