mysql——数据库备份——使用mysqldump命令备份某个数据库里的某些表和某个数据库里的所有表...

短命女 2023-10-02 08:46 14阅读 0赞

注意：mysqldump命令首先需要查出备份的表的结构，再在文本文件中生成一个create语句，

然后将表中的所有记录，转换成一条insert语句。这些create语句和insert语句都是还原时使用的。

还原数据库时，就是先用create语句来建表，insert语句来还原数据。

========================================================================================

一、mysqldump命令备份**某个数据库里的某些表**；

语法格式：mysqldump -u username -ppassword dbname table1 table2…… > backupname.sql

dbname：表示数据库名称；

table1 table2……：表示表的名称

backupname.sql：表示路径和备份的文件名称；

通常备份为.sql文件，但是并非一定是.sql文件，.sql文件给人的感觉是数据库文件。也可以是.txt文件等。

=========================================================

备份前数据准备：

![500a2ff23f4c8fa427bbef3b78d2d39e.png][]

![41ce9023cfc9cd8d7729e57c939fee06.png][]

![f1aec7824e45203ec3343c97fe5ca9a2.png][]

cmd进入DOS环境，输入命令，备份 cr01 和 employee 这两个表：

将see数据库里面的cr01和employee表进行备份， 备份到桌面：C:\\Users\\del\\Desktop\\， 备份文件名为see.sql

mysqldump -u root -p123 see cr01 employee > C:\Users\del\Desktop\see.sql

![57737390758957d9d4c0a10a19689473.png][]

桌面多了一个see.sql文件，文件内容如下：

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.15, for Win32 (x86)
    --
    -- Host: localhost    Database: see
    -- ------------------------------------------------------
    -- Server version    5.5.15
    
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
    /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `cr01`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cr01`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `cr01` (
      `sx` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `mz` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `bz` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `cr01`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `cr01` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `cr01` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `cr01` VALUES (1,'sww','sww01'),(2,'aww','aww02'),(3,'qww','qww03'),(4,'eww','eww04'),(5,'rww','rww05'),(6,'yww','yww06'),(7,'uww','uww07');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `cr01` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `employee`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `employee` (
      `num` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `d_id` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `age` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `sex` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `homeadd` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `employee`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `employee` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `employee` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES (1,1001,'zhangsan',26,'nan','beijing'),(2,1001,'lisi',24,'nv','hunan'),(3,1002,'wangwu',25,'nan','jiangsu'),(4,1004,'aric',15,'nan','yingguo');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `employee` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
    
    /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    
    -- Dump completed on 2019-12-26 21:37:01

上面这个文件里面没有创建数据库的语句。因为是还原到一个已有的数据库里。

=========================================================================================

二、备份**某个数据库里面的所有表**：

mysqldump -u root -p123 see > C:\Users\del\Desktop\s.sql

![4491071240959cfe32b69ff8313b7934.png][]

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.15, for Win32 (x86)
    --
    -- Host: localhost    Database: see
    -- ------------------------------------------------------
    -- Server version    5.5.15
    
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
    /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `cr01`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cr01`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `cr01` (
      `sx` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `mz` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `bz` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `cr01`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `cr01` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `cr01` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `cr01` VALUES (1,'sww','sww01'),(2,'aww','aww02'),(3,'qww','qww03'),(4,'eww','eww04'),(5,'rww','rww05'),(6,'yww','yww06'),(7,'uww','uww07');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `cr01` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `department`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `department` (
      `d_id` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `d_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `functione` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `address` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `department`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `department` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `department` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `department` VALUES (1001,'keyanbu','yanfachanpin','3lou5hao'),(1002,'shengchanbu','shengchanchanp','5louyiceng'),(1003,'xiaoshoubu','cehuaxiaoshou','1louxiaoshoudating');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `department` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `employee`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `employee` (
      `num` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `d_id` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `age` int(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `sex` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `homeadd` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `employee`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `employee` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `employee` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES (1,1001,'zhangsan',26,'nan','beijing'),(2,1001,'lisi',24,'nv','hunan'),(3,1002,'wangwu',25,'nan','jiangsu'),(4,1004,'aric',15,'nan','yingguo');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `employee` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
    
    /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    
    -- Dump completed on 2019-12-26 21:59:15

[500a2ff23f4c8fa427bbef3b78d2d39e.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/500a2ff23f4c8fa427bbef3b78d2d39e.png
[41ce9023cfc9cd8d7729e57c939fee06.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/41ce9023cfc9cd8d7729e57c939fee06.png
[f1aec7824e45203ec3343c97fe5ca9a2.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f1aec7824e45203ec3343c97fe5ca9a2.png
[57737390758957d9d4c0a10a19689473.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/57737390758957d9d4c0a10a19689473.png
[4491071240959cfe32b69ff8313b7934.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4491071240959cfe32b69ff8313b7934.png