在 Windows 安装程序期间将设备驱动程序添加到 Windows

约定不等于承诺〃 2023-10-01 10:45 18阅读 0赞

若要在某些硬件设计上安装 Windows，可能需要将设备驱动程序添加到 Windows 安装程序。 您可以使用应答文件将驱动程序添加到 Windows 安装程序，该应答文件指定驱动程序文件的路径。 若要在新的安装中执行此操作，请在[windowsPE][]配置阶段 Windows 添加 microsoft-windows-pnpcustomizationwinpe 组件、添加驱动程序路径，然后指定应答文件。

您还可以修改现有映像以及添加和删除驱动程序。 您可以通过多种方式来维护脱机映像。 例如，你可以在[offlineServicing][]配置阶段 Windows 添加 microsoft-windows-pnpcustomizationsnonwinpe 组件、添加或删除驱动程序路径，然后指定答案文件的名称。 有关如何使用应答文件来修改脱机 Windows 映像上的驱动程序的详细信息，以及向现有映像添加驱动程序和从中删除驱动程序的其他方法的详细信息，请参阅[将驱动程序添加到脱机 Windows 映像][Windows]。

### 将驱动程序添加到新安装 (windowsPE) ###

对于新安装，请在 [windowsPE][] 配置阶段中添加驱动程序。

此方法从答案文件中初始化 Windows 预安装环境 (Windows pe) 并处理 Windows pe 设置，如下所示：

1.  Windows 在 RAM 驱动程序存储区中 Windows PE 驱动程序的阶段。 Windows 加载 Windows PE 访问本地磁盘和网络所需的启动关键驱动程序。 右键单击**DevicePaths**并选择 "将**新 PathAndCredentials 插入 Windows pe**时，Windows PE 将处理答案文件指定的其他 Windows PE 自定义项。
2.  Windows 安装程序进程将应用 Windows 映像。 启动关键驱动程序会在安装程序安装该映像之前出现在 Windows 映像中。 添加到 Windows PE 驱动程序存储区中的其他驱动程序将显示在 Windows 映像驱动程序存储区中。 当 Windows 安装程序处理[offlineServicing][] pass 时，Windows 安装程序还会将驱动程序路径指定的任何驱动程序添加到 Windows 映像驱动程序存储区。

**在 windowsPE 阶段中添加设备驱动程序的步骤**

1.  使用 Windows 系统映像管理器 (Windows SIM) 创建包含要安装的设备驱动程序路径的答案文件。
2.  Windows 将**microsoft-windows-pnpcustomizationswinpe**组件添加到[windowsPE][]配置阶段中的答案文件。
3.  展开答案文件中**Windows 的 microsoft-windows-pnpcustomizationswinpe**节点。 右键单击 **DevicePaths**，然后选择 " **插入新 PathAndCredentials**"。
    
    此时将显示一个新的 **PathAndCredentials** 列表项。
4.  对于你访问的每个位置，请添加单独的 **PathAndCredentials** 列表项。
    
    可以通过添加多个 **PathAndCredentials** 列表项来包含多个设备驱动程序路径。 如果添加多个列表项，则必须递增 `Key` 每个路径的值。 例如，如果添加两个单独的驱动程序路径，则第一个路径使用的 `Key` 值 `1` ，第二个路径使用的 `Key` 值 `2` 。
5.  保存答案文件，然后关闭 Windows SIM。 答案文件必须类似于以下示例：
    
    复制
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
        <unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
           <settings pass="windowsPE">
              <component name="Microsoft-Windows-PnpCustomizationsWinPE" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                 <DriverPaths>
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:keyValue="1" wcm:action="add">
                       <Credentials>
                          <Domain>Fabrikam</Domain> 
                          <Password>MyPassword</Password> 
                          <Username>MyUserName</Username> 
                       </Credentials>
                       <Path>\\server\share\drivers</Path> 
                    </PathAndCredentials>
                 </DriverPaths>
              </component>
           </settings>
        </unattend>
6.  启动到 Windows PE。
7.  在命令提示符处，运行 Windows 安装程序。 指定应答文件的名称。 例如：
    
    复制
    
        Setup /unattend:C:\unattend.xml
    
    Windows 安装程序在安装过程中将 \\\\server\\share\\drivers 路径中的设备驱动程序添加到系统。

有关驱动程序的详细信息，请参阅 [设备驱动程序和部署概述][Link 1] 和 [联机添加驱动程序][Link 2]。 有关 Windows 组件的详细信息，请参阅[无人参与 Windows 安装程序参考][Windows 1]。

Windows Server 2016 Autounattend.xml 在Proxmox上安装集成virtio驱动实例:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
        <settings pass="windowsPE">
                <component name="Microsoft-Windows-PnpCustomizationsWinPE" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" processorArchitecture="amd64" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State">
    
                
                <DriverPaths>
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="2">
                        <Path>F:\viostor\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="3">
                        <Path>F:\NetKVM\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="4">
                        <Path>F:\Balloon\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="5">
                        <Path>F:\pvpanic\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="6">
                        <Path>F:\qemupciserial\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="7">
                        <Path>F:\qxldod\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="8">
                        <Path>F:\vioinput\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="9">
                        <Path>F:\viorng\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="10">
                        <Path>F:\vioscsi\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
    
                    <PathAndCredentials wcm:action="add" wcm:keyValue="11">
                        <Path>F:\vioserial\2k16\amd64</Path>
                    </PathAndCredentials>
                </DriverPaths>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <SetupUILanguage>
                    <UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage>
                </SetupUILanguage>
                <InputLocale>zh-CN</InputLocale>
                <SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale>
                <UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage>
                <UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback>
                <UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <DiskConfiguration>
                    <Disk wcm:action="add">
                        <CreatePartitions>
                            <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                                <Type>Primary</Type>
                                <Order>1</Order>
                                <Size>350</Size>
                            </CreatePartition>
                            <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                                <Order>2</Order>
                                <Type>Primary</Type>
                                <Extend>true</Extend>
                            </CreatePartition>
                        </CreatePartitions>
                        <ModifyPartitions>
                            <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                                <Active>true</Active>
                                <Format>NTFS</Format>
                                <Label>boot</Label>
                                <Order>1</Order>
                                <PartitionID>1</PartitionID>
                            </ModifyPartition>
                            <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                                <Format>NTFS</Format>
                                <Label>Windows 2016</Label>
                                <Letter>C</Letter>
                                <Order>2</Order>
                                <PartitionID>2</PartitionID>
                            </ModifyPartition>
                        </ModifyPartitions>
                        <DiskID>0</DiskID>
                        <WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk>
                    </Disk>
                </DiskConfiguration>
                <ImageInstall>
                    <OSImage>
                        <InstallFrom>
                            <MetaData wcm:action="add">
                                <Key>/IMAGE/NAME</Key>
                                <Value>Windows Server 2016 SERVERDATACENTER</Value>
                            </MetaData>
                        </InstallFrom>
                        <InstallTo>
                            <DiskID>0</DiskID>
                            <PartitionID>2</PartitionID>
                        </InstallTo>
                    </OSImage>
                </ImageInstall>
                <UserData>
                    
                    <ProductKey>
                        
                        
                        <Key>6CNGG-BJP34-H923Y-6DMWR-37BMF</Key>
                        <WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI>
                    </ProductKey>
                    <AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula>
                    <FullName>Vagrant</FullName>
                    <Organization>Vagrant</Organization>
                </UserData>
            </component>
        </settings>
        <settings pass="specialize">
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <OEMInformation>
                    <HelpCustomized>false</HelpCustomized>
                </OEMInformation>
                <ComputerName>vagrant-2016</ComputerName>
                <TimeZone>China Standard Time</TimeZone>
                <RegisteredOwner/>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-ServerManager-SvrMgrNc" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <DoNotOpenServerManagerAtLogon>true</DoNotOpenServerManagerAtLogon>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-IE-ESC" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <IEHardenAdmin>false</IEHardenAdmin>
                <IEHardenUser>false</IEHardenUser>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-OutOfBoxExperience" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <DoNotOpenInitialConfigurationTasksAtLogon>true</DoNotOpenInitialConfigurationTasksAtLogon>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <SkipAutoActivation>true</SkipAutoActivation>
            </component>
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Deployment" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <RunSynchronous>
                    <RunSynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
                        <Order>1</Order>
                        <Description>Set Execution Policy 64 Bit</Description>
                        <Path>cmd.exe /c powershell -Command "Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force"</Path>
                    </RunSynchronousCommand>
                    <RunSynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
                        <Order>2</Order>
                        <Description>Set Execution Policy 32 Bit</Description>
                        <Path>cmd.exe /c powershell -Command "Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force"</Path>
                    </RunSynchronousCommand>
                    
                </RunSynchronous>
            </component>
        </settings>
        <settings pass="oobeSystem">
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <AutoLogon>
                    <Password>
                        <Value>vagrant</Value>
                        <PlainText>true</PlainText>
                    </Password>
                    <Enabled>true</Enabled>
                    <Username>vagrant</Username>
                </AutoLogon>
                <FirstLogonCommands>
                    <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
                        <Order>1</Order>
                        <CommandLine>cmd.exe /c a:\vmtools.cmd</CommandLine>
                        <RequiresUserInput>true</RequiresUserInput>
                    </SynchronousCommand>
                </FirstLogonCommands>
                <OOBE>
                    <HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage>
                    <HideLocalAccountScreen>true</HideLocalAccountScreen>
                    <HideOEMRegistrationScreen>true</HideOEMRegistrationScreen>
                    <HideOnlineAccountScreens>true</HideOnlineAccountScreens>
                    <HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>true</HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>
                    <NetworkLocation>Home</NetworkLocation>
                    <ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC>
                </OOBE>
                <UserAccounts>
                    <AdministratorPassword>
                        <Value>vagrant</Value>
                        <PlainText>true</PlainText>
                    </AdministratorPassword>
                    <LocalAccounts>
                        <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
                            <Password>
                                <Value>vagrant</Value>
                                <PlainText>true</PlainText>
                            </Password>
                            <Group>administrators</Group>
                            <DisplayName>Vagrant</DisplayName>
                            <Name>vagrant</Name>
                            <Description>Vagrant User</Description>
                        </LocalAccount>
                    </LocalAccounts>
                </UserAccounts>
                <RegisteredOwner />
            </component>
        </settings>
        <settings pass="offlineServicing">
            <component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
                <EnableLUA>false</EnableLUA>
            </component>
        </settings>
        <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/wim/install.wim#Windows Server 2012 R2 SERVERSTANDARD" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
    </unattend>

[windowsPE]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/windowspe?view=windows-11
[offlineServicing]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/offlineservicing?view=windows-11
[Windows]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/add-and-remove-drivers-to-an-offline-windows-image?view=windows-11
[Link 1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/device-drivers-and-deployment-overview?view=windows-11
[Link 2]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/add-a-driver-online-in-audit-mode?view=windows-11
[Windows 1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-8.1-and-8/ff699038%28v=win.10%29