Spring Boot异步消息之AMQP讲解及实战（附源码）

我就是我 2023-09-30 16:18 1阅读 0赞

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**AMQP（高级消息队列协议）是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议。是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计。基于此协议的客户端与消息中间件可 传递消息，并不受客户端/中间件的不同产品，不同开发语言等条件的限制。**

**下面实现主要用RabbitMQ讲解AMQP实例，因此需要事先安装RabbitMQ和erlang语言**

> erlang下载地址 https://www.erlang.org/downloads

> RabbitMQ下载地址 https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

## 使用RabbitMQ实现发布/订阅异步消息模式 ##

### 1：创建发布者应用ch8\_2Sender ###

### 2：在pom.xml文件中添加依赖 ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    -<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
    
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    
    -<parent>
    
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    
    <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
    
    <relativePath/>
    
    
    
    
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.ch</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>ch8_2Sender</artifactId>
    
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
    <name>ch8_2Sender</name>
    
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    
    +<properties>
    
    
    -<dependencies>
    
    
    -<dependency>
    
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    
    </dependency>
    
    
    +<dependency>
    
    
    -<dependency>
    
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    
    <scope>test</scope>
    
    </dependency>
    
    
    -<dependency>
    
    <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
    
    <scope>test</scope>
    
    </dependency>
    
    </dependencies>
    
    
    -<build>
    
    
    -<plugins>
    
    
    -<plugin>
    
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    
    </plugin>
    
    </plugins>
    
    </build>
    
    </project>

### 3：创建Weather实体类 ###

package com.ch.ch8_2Sender.entity;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    public class Weather implements Serializable{
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = -8221467966772683998L;
    	private String id;
    	private String city;
    	private String weatherDetail;
    	public String getCity() {
    		return city;
    	}
    	public void setCity(String city) {
    		this.city = city;
    	}
    	public String getWeatherDetail() {
    		return weatherDetail;
    	}
    	public void setWeatherDetail(String weatherDetail) {
    		this.weatherDetail = weatherDetail;
    	}
    	public String getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    	public void setId(String id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "Weather [id=" + id + ", city=" + city + ", weatherDetail=" + weatherDetail + "]";
    	}
    }

### 4：重写Ch82SenderApplication主类 ###

package com.ch.ch8_2Sender;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageDeliveryMode;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
    import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    import com.ch.ch8_2Sender.entity.Weather;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Ch82SenderApplication implements CommandLineRunner{ 
    	@Autowired
        private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    	@Autowired 
    	RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(Ch82SenderApplication.class, args);
    	}
    	/**
    	 * 定义发布者
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
    		//定义消息对象
    		Weather weather = new Weather();
    		weather.setId("010");
    		weather.setCity("北京");
    		weather.setWeatherDetail("今天晴到多云，南风5-6级，温度19-26°C");
    		//指定Json转换器，Jackson2JsonMessageConverter默认将消息转换成byte[]类型的消息
    		rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
    		//objectMapper将weather对象转换为JSON字节数组
    		Message msg=MessageBuilder.withBody(objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(weather))
    				.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT)
                    .build();
            // 消息唯一ID
            CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(weather.getId());
    		//使用已封装好的convertAndSend(String exchange , String routingKey , Object message, CorrelationData correlationData)
    		//将特定的路由key发送消息到指定的交换机
    		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(
    				"weather-exchange", //分发消息的交换机名称
    				"weather.message", //用来匹配消息的路由Key
    				msg, //消息体
    				correlationData);
    	}
    }

### 5：创建订阅者应用ch8\_2Receiver-1 ###

package com.ch.ch8_2Receiver1;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    /**
     * 定义订阅者Receiver1
     */
    @Component
    public class Receiver1 {
    	@Autowired
        private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    	@RabbitListener(
    			bindings = 
    			@QueueBinding(
    				//队列名weather-queue1保证和别的订阅者不一样
    				value = @Queue(value = "weather-queue1",durable = "true"),
    				//weather-exchange与发布者的交换机名相同
    				exchange = @Exchange(value = "weather-exchange",durable = "true",type = "topic"),
    				//weather.message与发布者的消息的路由Key相同
    				key = "weather.message"
    			)	
        )
        @RabbitHandler
        public void receiveWeather(@Payload byte[] weatherMessage)throws Exception{
            System.out.println("-----------订阅者Receiver1接收到消息--------");
            //将JSON字节数组转换为Weather对象
            Weather w=objectMapper.readValue(weatherMessage, Weather.class);
            System.out.println("Receiver1收到的消息内容："+w);
        }
    }

### 6:创建订阅者应用ch8\_2Receiver-2 ###

package com.ch.ch8_2Receiver1;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    /**
     * 定义订阅者Receiver2
     */
    @Component
    public class Receiver2 {
    	@Autowired
        private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    	@RabbitListener(
    			bindings = 
    			@QueueBinding(
    				//队列名weather-queue2保证和别的订阅者不一样
    				value = @Queue(value = "weather-queue2",durable = "true"),
    				//weather-exchange与发布者的交换机名相同
    				exchange = @Exchange(value = "weather-exchange",durable = "true",type = "topic"),
    				//weather.message与发布者的消息的路由Key相同
    				key = "weather.message"
    			)	
        )
        @RabbitHandler
        public void receiveWeather(@Payload byte[] weatherMessage)throws Exception{
            System.out.println("-----------订阅者Receiver2接收到消息--------");
            Weather w=objectMapper.readValue(weatherMessage, Weather.class);
            //将JSON字节数组转换为Weather对象
            System.out.println("Receiver2收到的消息内容："+w);
         
        }
    }

接下来分别运行发布者和订阅者的主类即可，发现一个发布者发布的消息可以被多个订阅者订阅。