SpringCloud-2.0-周阳（23. 熔断降级 - Sentinel）

末蓝、 2023-09-28 12:20 4阅读 0赞

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*  **声明：原文作者：csdn：yuan\_404**

### 文章目录 ###

*  1 . 降级规则
 *   *  1.1 介绍
     *  1.2 慢调用比例（RT）
     *  1.3 异常比例
     *  1.4 异常数
 *  2 . @SentinelResource 详解
 *   *  2.1 按资源名称限流 + 备选方案
     *   *  2.1.1 环境搭建
         *  2.1.2 配置流控规则
         *  2.1.3 额外问题
     *  2.2 按照Url地址限流 + 备选方案
     *  2.3 上面 两个配置备选方案的方式 的问题
     *  2.4 自定义限流处理逻辑
     *  2.5 @SentinelResource 注解属性说明
 *  3 . 服务熔断功能
 *   *  3.1 Ribbon系列
     *   *  3.1.1 提供者 Provider-9003
         *  3.1.2 消费者 Consumer-84
         *  3.1.3 熔断降级配置
         *   *   *  只配置 fallback
                 *  只配置 blockHandler
                 *  同时配置 fallBack 和 blockHandler
                 *  配置 exceptionsToIgnore
     *  3.2 Feign系列
     *   *  3.2.1 环境配置
     *  3.3 熔断降级框架对比
 *  4 . Sentinel 规则持久化

# 1 . 降级规则 #

## 1.1 介绍 ##

*  官方文档 ：[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%86%94%E6%96%AD%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7][https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel_wiki_E7_86_94_E6_96_AD_E9_99_8D_E7_BA_A7]
 *  熔断策略：

> 1.  **慢调用比例 (SLOW\_REQUEST\_RATIO)**：
> 
>  *  选择以慢调用比例作为阈值，需要设置允许的 **慢调用 RT（即最大的响应时间）**，请求的响应时间大于该值则统计为慢调用。
>  *  当单位统计时长（statIntervalMs）内请求数目大于设置的最小请求数目，并且慢调用的比例大于阈值，则接下来的熔断时长内请求会自动被熔断。
>  *  经过熔断时长后熔断器会进入**探测恢复状态（HALF-OPEN 状态）**
>  *  若接下来的一个请求响应时间小于设置的慢调用 RT 则结束熔断，若大于设置的慢调用 RT 则会再次被熔断。

> 1.  **异常比例 (ERROR\_RATIO)**：
> 
>  *  当单位统计时长（statIntervalMs）内请求数目大于设置的最小请求数目，并且异常的比例大于阈值，则接下来的熔断时长内请求会自动被熔断。
>  *  经过熔断时长后熔断器会进入**探测恢复状态（HALF-OPEN 状态）**，若接下来的一个请求成功完成（没有错误）则结束熔断，否则会再次被熔断。异常比率的阈值范围是 \[0.0, 1.0\]，代表 0% - 100%。

> 1.  **异常数 (ERROR\_COUNT)**：
> 
>  *  当单位统计时长内的异常数目超过阈值之后会自动进行熔断。经过熔断时长后熔断器会进入探测恢复状态（HALF-OPEN 状态），若接下来的一个请求成功完成（没有错误）则结束熔断，否则会再次被熔断。

## 1.2 慢调用比例（RT） ##

1.  先在 Controller 中添加一个方法
    
        @GetMapping("/testD")
        public String testD(){
              
            try {
               TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace(); }
            log.info("testD 测试RT");
        
            return "------testD";
        }
2.  设置降级规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]
3.  使用 JMeter 进行压测  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]
4.  启动 JMeter ，去浏览器上访问该请求，查看结果  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]
5.  停止 JMeter 后，再访问该请求  
    ![20201220173719464.png][]

## 1.3 异常比例 ##

1.  修改 Controller ，添加一个运行时异常  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]
2.  修改 降级规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]
3.  启动 JMeter ，去浏览器上访问该请求，查看结果  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]
4.  停止 JMeter 后，再访问该请求  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

## 1.4 异常数 ##

1.  修改 降级规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]
2.  连续发出请求，当刷新第六次的时候被熔断了  
    ![20201220183922871.png][]
3.  过一段时间后再次访问  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

# 2 . @SentinelResource 详解 #

## 2.1 按资源名称限流 + 备选方案 ##

*  启动 Nacos 控制台
 *  启动 Sentinel 控制台

### 2.1.1 环境搭建 ###

1.  **修改**模块 ：8401
2.  修改 POM
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.demo.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
3.  新建 Controller ：RateLimitController
    
        @RestController
        public class RateLimitController {
              
            @GetMapping("/byResource")
            @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
            public CommonResult byResource() {
              
                return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
            }
        
            public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception) {
              
                return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
            }
        }
4.  启动项目
5.  访问 ：[http://localhost:8401/byResource][http_localhost_8401_byResource]  
    ![20201222110634472.png][]

### 2.1.2 配置流控规则 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

*  当每秒访问该资源的请求数大于 1，则限流  
    ![20201222110617563.png][]

### 2.1.3 额外问题 ###

*  这时突然关闭 8401 服务，流控规则是否会消失？

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

## 2.2 按照Url地址限流 + 备选方案 ##

*  修改 RateLimitController
    
        @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
        @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
        public CommonResult byUrl() {
              
            return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
        }
    
    在 Controller 中添加这样一个方法
    
    没有配置 blockHandler 限流之后的处理方法
 *  启动 8401
 *  访问 ：[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_byUrl]  
    ![20201222111545439.png][]
 *  配置流控规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]
 *  这里是将请求的 Url 作为限流的资源名  
    ![20201222112249999.png][]

## 2.3 上面 两个配置备选方案的方式 的问题 ##

1.  系统默认的，没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
2.  依照现有条件，我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块，不直观。
3.  每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的，那代码膨胀加剧。
4.  全局统—的处理方法没有体现。

*  下面就来尝试解决一下这些 代码耦合、膨胀的问题

## 2.4 自定义限流处理逻辑 ##

*  修改 alibaba-sentinel-service-8401

1.  自定义一个限流处理类 ：CustomerBlockHandler
    
        public class CustomerBlockHandler {
              
            public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception) {
              
                return new CommonResult(2020, "自定义限流处理信息....CustomerBlockHandler");
            }
        }
2.  修改 Controller ：RateLimitController
    
        @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
        @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
                blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
                blockHandler = "handlerException2")
        public CommonResult customerBlockHandler() {
              
            return new CommonResult(200,"客戶自定义 Handler",new Payment(2020L,"serial003"));
        }
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]
3.  重启 8401
4.  访问 ：[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_customerBlockHandler]  
    ![20201222120446448.png][]
5.  配置限流规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]
6.  连续访问 ：[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_customerBlockHandler]
    
    ![20201222121346212.png][]

## 2.5 @SentinelResource 注解属性说明 ##

*  **value**：资源名称，必需项（不能为空）
 *  **entryType**：entry 类型，可选项（默认为 EntryType.OUT）
 *  **blockHandler**: 处理BlockException的函数名称。函数要求：
    
    > 1、必须是 public  
    > 2、返回类型与原方法一致  
    > 3、参数类型需要和原方法相匹配，并在最后加 BlockException 类型的参数。  
    > 4、默认需和原方法在同一个类中。若希望使用其他类的函数，可配置 blockHandlerClass ，并指定blockHandlerClass里面的方法。
 *  **blockHandlerClass** ：存放blockHandler的类。**对应的处理函数必须static修饰**，否则无法解析，其他要求：同blockHandler。
 *  **fallback** ：fallback 函数名称，可选项，用于在抛出异常的时候提供 fallback 处理逻辑。fallback 函数可以针对所有类型的异常（除了 里面排除掉的异常类型）进行处理。fallback 函数签名和位置要求：
    
    > 1、返回值类型必须与原函数返回值类型一致；  
    > 2、方法参数列表需要和原函数一致，或者可以额外多一个 Throwable 类型的参数用于接收对应的异常。  
    > 3、fallback 函数默认需要和原方法在同一个类中。若希望使用其他类的函数，则可以指定 fallbackClass 为对应的类的 Class 对象，注意对应的函数必需为 static 函数，否则无法解析。
 *  **exceptionsToTrace** ：需要trace的异常

# 3 . 服务熔断功能 #

*  先启动 Nacos 和 Sentinel

## 3.1 Ribbon系列 ##

*  避免和前面的知识点混淆，这里重新创建一套环境

### 3.1.1 提供者 Provider-9003 ###

1.  新建模块 ：alibaba-provider-Sentinel-Ribbon-9003
2.  修改 POM
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.demo.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
3.  编写 YML
    
        server:
          port: 9003
        
        spring:
          application:
            name: nacos-payment-provider
          cloud:
            nacos:
              discovery:
                server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
        
        management:
          endpoints:
            web:
              exposure:
                include: '*'
4.  编写主启动类
    
        @SpringBootApplication
        @EnableDiscoveryClient
        public class ProviderMain9003 {
              
            public static void main(String[] args) {
              
                SpringApplication.run(ProviderMain9003.class, args);
            }
        }
5.  业务类

*  Controller
    
        @RestController
        public class ProviderController {
              
            @Value("${server.port}")
            private String serverPort;
        
            public static HashMap<Long, Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
            static{
              
                hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
                hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
                hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
            }
        
            @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
            public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
              
                Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
                CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
                return result;
            }
        }

1.  测试
    
    启动 Sentinel、Nacos  
    启动 Provider-9003  
    访问 ：[http://localhost:9003/paymentSQL/1][http_localhost_9003_paymentSQL_1]  
    ![20201223093207422.png][]

*  Provider-9003 搭建成功，复制配置，克隆出来一个 9004，具体操作之前有说过这就不多说了。  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]
    
    ![20201223093501286.png][]

### 3.1.2 消费者 Consumer-84 ###

1.  新建模块 ：alibaba-consumer-Sentinel-Ribbon-84
2.  修改 POM
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.demo.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
3.  编写 YML
    
        server:
          port: 84
        
        spring:
          application:
            name: nacos-order-consumer
          cloud:
            nacos:
              discovery:
                server-addr: localhost:8848
            sentinel:
              transport:
                dashboard: localhost:8080
                port: 8719
        
        service-url:
          nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
4.  编写主启动类
    
        @SpringBootApplication
        @EnableDiscoveryClient
        public class ConsumerMain84 {
              
            public static void main(String[] args) {
              
                SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMain84.class, args);
            }
        }
5.  业务类

*  Config ：ApplicationContextConfig
    
        @Configuration
        public class ApplicationContextConfig {
              
            @Bean
            @LoadBalanced
            public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
              
                return new RestTemplate();
            }
        }
 *  Controller
    
        @RestController
        public class CircleBreakerController {
              
            @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
            private String SERVER_URL;
        
            @Autowired
            private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        
            @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
            @SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
            public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
              
                return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id, CommonResult.class);
            }
        }

1.  测试  
    访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/3][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_3]  
    ![20201223100206383.png][]

### 3.1.3 熔断降级配置 ###

*  注意 ：

>  *  热部署对java代码级生效及时
>  *  对 @SentinelResource 注解内属性，有时效果不好
>  *  所以需改了该注解中的内容，最好还是重启

*  在之前的 Consumer 的 Controller 中添加一段异常捕获的代码
    
        // 异常捕捉
        if (id == 4) {
              
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
              
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]
 *  访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]
    
    因为之前在 Provider 中只定义了三条数据，没有 Id 为 4 的数据，所以肯定报错。
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]
 *  现在没有配置任何备选方案，直接把异常的代码展示给用户，很不友好。

##### 只配置 fallback #####

*  下面开始配置，fallback\`\`\`java  
    @SentinelResource(value = “fallback”, fallback = “handlerFallBack”) // fallback 只负责业务异常
    
        ```java
        /** FallBack 备选方案 */
        public CommonResult handlerFallBack(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Throwable e){
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, "null");
            return new CommonResult<Payment>(444, "备选方案 —— handlerFallBack，异常内容" + e.getMessage(), payment);
        }
 *  重启 Consumer-84 ，还访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]  
    ![20201223102239781.png][]

##### 只配置 blockHandler #####

*  下面开始配置，blockHandler
    
        // blockHandler 只负责 Sentinel 控制台配置的熔断降级规则
            @SentinelResource(value = "fallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler")
    
        /** blockHandler 备选方案 */
        public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id, BlockException blockException) {
              
            Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
            return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
        }
 *  重启 Consumer-84
 *  配置 Sentinel 降级规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]
 *  多次访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]
    
    ![20201223104012147.png][]

##### 同时配置 fallBack 和 blockHandler #####

*  下面开始配置
    
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback", fallback = "handlerFallBack", blockHandler = "blockHandler")
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]
 *  重启 Consumer-84
 *  配置 Sentinel 降级规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]
 *  多次访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]  
    ![202012231046488.png][]
    
    ![20201223104721912.png][]

##### 配置 exceptionsToIgnore #####

*  配置  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]
 *  重启 Consumer-84
 *  访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4][http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

## 3.2 Feign系列 ##

### 3.2.1 环境配置 ###

*  修改 Consumer-84 模块

1.  修改 POM
    
    添加 OpenFeign 依赖
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
2.  修改 YML
    
    添加 Sentinel 对 Feign 的支持
    
        feign:
          sentinel:
            enabled: true
3.  修改主启动类
    
        // 开启对 Feign 的支持
        @EnableFeignClients
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]
4.  添加业务类

*  Feign 的业务接口 ：FeignService
    
        @FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider", fallback = FeignFallbackService.class)
        public interface FeignService {
              
            @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
            public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
        }
 *  对应的 FallBack 的 Service ：FeignFallbackService
    
        @Component
        public class FeignFallbackService implements FeignService {
              
            @Override
            public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id) {
              
                return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---FeignFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
            }
        }
 *  Controller ：FeignController
    
        @RestController
        public class FeignController {
              
            @Autowired
            private FeignService feignService;
        
            @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/feign/{id}")
            public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
              
                return feignService.paymentSQL(id);
            }
        }

1.  启动测试
    
    访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/feign/1][http_localhost_84_consumer_feign_1]  
    ![20201223112749965.png][]

*  体验服务降级
    
    关闭 Provider-9003、Provider-9004 服务
    
    然后访问 ：[http://localhost:84/consumer/feign/1][http_localhost_84_consumer_feign_1]  
    ![20201223113513694.png][]

## 3.3 熔断降级框架对比 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th>Sentinel</th> 
   <th>Hystrix</th> 
   <th>Resilience4j</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>隔离策略</td> 
   <td>信号量隔离（并发线程数限流）</td> 
   <td>线程池隔离 / 信号量隔离</td> 
   <td>信号量隔离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>熔断降级策略</td> 
   <td>基于响应时间、异常比、异常数</td> 
   <td>基于异常比</td> 
   <td>基于异常比、响应时间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>实时统计实现</td> 
   <td>滑动窗口（LeapArray）</td> 
   <td>滑动窗口（RxJava）</td> 
   <td>Ring Bit Buffer</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>动态规则配置</td> 
   <td>支持多种数据源</td> 
   <td>支持多种数据源</td> 
   <td>有限支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>扩展性</td> 
   <td>多个扩展点</td> 
   <td>插件形式扩展</td> 
   <td>接口形式扩展</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>限流</td> 
   <td>基于 QPS、支持基于调用关系的限流</td> 
   <td>有限支持</td> 
   <td>Rate Limter</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>流量整形</td> 
   <td>支持预热、匀加速、预热排队模式</td> 
   <td>不支持</td> 
   <td>简单的 Rate Limiter</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>系统自适应保护</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
   <td>不支持</td> 
   <td>不支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>控制台</td> 
   <td>提供开箱即用的控制台，可以配置规则、查看妙计监控、机器发现等</td> 
   <td>简单的监控查看</td> 
   <td>不提供控制台，可对接其他监控系统</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>基于注解的支持</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 4 . Sentinel 规则持久化 #

*  一旦我们重启应用，Sentinel规则将消失
 *  生产环境需要将配置规则进行**持久化**
 *  将限流配置规则**持久化进 Nacos** 保存
 *  只要刷新 8401 某个 rest 地址，sentinel 控制台的流控规则就能看到，只要 Nacos 里面的配置不删除，针对 8401 上 Sentinel 上的流控规则持续有效
 *  **具体使用步骤** :
 *  修改 alibaba-sentinel-service-8401

1.  修改 POM，添加相关依赖
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>
2.  修改 YML，添加 Nacos 业务规则配置
    
        datasource:
          ds1:
            nacos:
              server-addr: localhost:8848
              dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
              groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
              data-type: json
              rule-type: flow
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]
3.  添加 Nacos 业务规则配置
    
    配置内容 ：
    
        [
            {
              
                 "resource": "/retaLimit/byUrl",
                 "limitApp": "default",
                 "grade":   1,
                 "count":   1,
                 "strategy": 0,
                 "controlBehavior": 0,
                 "clusterMode": false    
            }
        ]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]
4.  启动 alibaba-sentinel-service-8401、Sentinel
5.  请求 ：[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_byUrl]
6.  然后去 Sentinel 控制台刷新，查看流控规则  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]
    
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

*  停止 8401 服务，刷新 Sentinel，刚刚的流控规则消失了  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]
 *  再次启动 8401 ，刷新 Sentinel，刚刚的流控规则又回来了  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

[_22. _ - Sentinel]: https://blog.csdn.net/Mango_Bin/article/details/125475496
[_24. _ - Seata]: https://blog.csdn.net/Mango_Bin/article/details/125475601
[https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel_wiki_E7_86_94_E6_96_AD_E9_99_8D_E7_BA_A7]: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%86%94%E6%96%AD%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220171949432.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202012201722395.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220173210382.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020122017361059.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201220173719464.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220173719464.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220174554546.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220174805422.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020122018373728.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201220183922871.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201220183922871.png
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[http_localhost_8401_byResource]: http://localhost:8401/byResource
[20201222110634472.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222110634472.png
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[20201222110617563.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222110617563.png
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[http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_byUrl]: http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl
[20201222111545439.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222111545439.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222112120452.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDQ0OTgzOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201222112249999.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222112249999.png
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[http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_customerBlockHandler]: http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler
[20201222120446448.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222120446448.png
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[20201222121346212.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201222121346212.png
[http_localhost_9003_paymentSQL_1]: http://localhost:9003/paymentSQL/1
[20201223093207422.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223093207422.png
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[20201223093501286.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223093501286.png
[http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_3]: http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/3
[20201223100206383.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223100206383.png
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[http_localhost_84_consumer_paymentSQL_4]: http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/4
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[20201223102239781.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223102239781.png
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[20201223104012147.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223104012147.png
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[202012231046488.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202012231046488.png
[20201223104721912.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223104721912.png
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[http_localhost_84_consumer_feign_1]: http://localhost:84/consumer/feign/1
[20201223112749965.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223112749965.png
[20201223113513694.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201223113513694.png
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