【springboot】自动加载分析

川长思鸟来 2023-09-25 22:51 98阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  问题
 *  @SpringBootApplication注解
 *  AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar类
 *  AutoConfigurationImportSelector类
 *  springboot如何加载其他的starter
 *  总结

# 问题 #

为什么我们在使用springboot的时候，只需要在maven中导入starter就能够使用呢？这里来分析一下

# @SpringBootApplication注解 #

这个注解一般用在springboot程序的主启动类上，这个注解除去元注解，由下面几个注解构成

@SpringBootConfiguration
    @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
         @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
    		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })

@SpringBootConfiguration是由下面两个注解构成

@Configuration
    @Indexed

@EnableAutoConfiguration是由下面内容构成

@AutoConfigurationPackage
    @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

@AutoConfigurationPackage内容如下

@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)

所以@SpringBootApplication等价于下面内容

// @SpringBootConfiguration
    @Configuration
    @Indexed
    
    // @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
    @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
    
    @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
         @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
    		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })

可以发现实际就是导入了两个类，一个AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar，一个AutoConfigurationImportSelector。

--------------------

# AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar类 #

这个类的信息如下

/**
    	 * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} to store the base package from the importing
    	 * configuration.
    	 */
    	static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
        
    
    		@Override
    		public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        
    			register(registry, new PackageImports(metadata).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
        
    			return Collections.singleton(new PackageImports(metadata));
    		}
    
    	}

作用就是获取要扫描的包路径

--------------------

# AutoConfigurationImportSelector类 #

这个类的内容如下

![image-20230409183453311][]

里面实现了多个接口以Aware结尾的接口，其实就是完成某种资源的设置，Ordered就是用于指定bean加载顺序的，最重要的是DeferredImportSelector，这个接口继承了ImportSelector，ImportSelector就可以完成bean的注入工作

![image-20230409183740912][]

这个接口里面的group类里面就包含了要进行加载的bean信息

![image-20230409184634444][]

回到实现类，也就是AutoConfigurationImportSelector，去到process方法

@Override
    public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {
        
       Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector,
             () -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s",
                   AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(),
                   deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName()));
       AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector)
          .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
       this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);
       for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {
        
          this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);
       }
    }

将这个方法分解一下

// 获取自动配置的类
       AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector)
          .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);

this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);
       // 遍历自动配置的bean
       for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {
        
       	  // 如果存在这个类就进行加入
          this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);
       }

里面关键的就是获取所有的自动配置类，关键方法就是getAutoConfigurationEntry这个方法，进入这个方法

/**
    	 * Return the {@link AutoConfigurationEntry} based on the {@link AnnotationMetadata}
    	 * of the importing {@link Configuration @Configuration} class.
    	 * @param annotationMetadata the annotation metadata of the configuration class
    	 * @return the auto-configurations that should be imported
    	 */
    	protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        
    		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
        
    			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
    		}
    		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
    		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
    		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
    		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
    		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
    		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
    		configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
    		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
    		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
    	}

里面的关键语句就是

List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

功能就是完成获取所有要进行自动加载的bean，进入到方法

/**
    	 * Return the auto-configuration class names that should be considered. By default
    	 * this method will load candidates using {@link ImportCandidates} with
    	 * {@link #getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()}. For backward compatible reasons it
    	 * will also consider {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} with
    	 * {@link #getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()}.
    	 * @param metadata the source metadata
    	 * @param attributes the {@link #getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata) annotation
    	 * attributes}
    	 * @return a list of candidate configurations
    	 */
    	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        
    		List<String> configurations = new ArrayList<>(
    				SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()));
    		ImportCandidates.load(AutoConfiguration.class, getBeanClassLoader()).forEach(configurations::add);
    		Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
    				"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories nor in META-INF/spring/org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports. If you "
    						+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
    		return configurations;
    	}

这个方法里面的

List<String> configurations = new ArrayList<>(
    				SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()));

![image-20230409192843872][]

这个方法用于读取类路径下的所有 META-INF/spring.factories文件

下面的这行代码

ImportCandidates.load(AutoConfiguration.class, getBeanClassLoader()).forEach(configurations::add);

将其拆解为

ImportCandidates ic = ImportCandidates.load(AutoConfiguration.class, getBeanClassLoader());
    
    ic.forEach(configurations::add);

可以发现就是先去获取所有自动加载bean，然后将其加入到一个集合中，进入到load方法

/**
    	 * Loads the names of import candidates from the classpath.
    	 *
    	 * The names of the import candidates are stored in files named
    	 * {@code META-INF/spring/full-qualified-annotation-name.imports} on the classpath.
    	 * Every line contains the full qualified name of the candidate class. Comments are
    	 * supported using the # character.
    	 * @param annotation annotation to load
    	 * @param classLoader class loader to use for loading
    	 * @return list of names of annotated classes
    	 */
    	public static ImportCandidates load(Class<?> annotation, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        
    		Assert.notNull(annotation, "'annotation' must not be null");
    		ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = decideClassloader(classLoader);
    		String location = String.format(LOCATION, annotation.getName());
    		Enumeration<URL> urls = findUrlsInClasspath(classLoaderToUse, location);
    		List<String> importCandidates = new ArrayList<>();
    		while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
        
    			URL url = urls.nextElement();
    			importCandidates.addAll(readCandidateConfigurations(url));
    		}
    		return new ImportCandidates(importCandidates);
    	}

里面最重要的语句就是

importCandidates.addAll(readCandidateConfigurations(url));

其实就是读取配置文件的信息，然后加入到集合中。读取的位置就是

![image-20230409195931767][]

META-INF/spring/%s.imports

实际上就是去读取

![image-20230409200103600][]

![image-20230409200147279][]

里面一共有144个默认加载项，然后再经过一些过滤操作，就会返回所有的配置类信息

![image-20230409201610994][]

后面springboot就会去处理这些这些配置类。

--------------------

# springboot如何加载其他的starter #

其实上面已经说了，springboot会去读取类路径下的所有META-INF/spring.factories文件，所以只需要在这个文件中写上自动配置的类即可，以mybatis-plus为例子，如下

![image-20230409202715982][]

--------------------

# 总结 #

springboot在启动的时候会去读取org\\springframework\\boot\\spring-boot-autoconfigure\\2.7.10\\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.10.jar!\\META-INF\\spring\\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports这个文件中的所有配置。

springboot通过读取META-INF\\spring.factories下的配置文件来支持其他starter的注入

[image-20230409183453311]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d34094efc8af13fd00739a948dd1b0b0.png
[image-20230409183740912]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4b2f55bf6bd5e93a66de7ce740454fcb.png
[image-20230409184634444]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b271cf0563eb6b44603ee120dd14ea71.png
[image-20230409192843872]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/822441692f6d9d9e93e8d48da0f39e5f.png
[image-20230409195931767]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/e2979f7b9e7f110b5a390ca270903f13.png
[image-20230409200103600]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/077bfd07285335006ba6a1e654c056cd.png
[image-20230409200147279]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d528258e836d6b2dbdc20906ce7391ad.png
[image-20230409201610994]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4a8e9a70ac48ca62bb1b6377c843e3cd.png
[image-20230409202715982]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/39d10506f56b4af0386795b69caff59e.png