CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

朱雀 2023-09-25 12:08 143阅读 0赞

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\[日期：2016-04-23\]

来源：Linux社区

作者：sonnychen

\[字体：大 中 小\]

最近要运维一个项目，准备在家办公，公司无远程作业环境，个人本本不喜欢别人碰，第一次在CentOS上安装，本案留以后使用，毕竟不是经常安装。

注：Oracle11gR2 X64安装

一、环境准备

安装包：

1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe

2.CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1511.iso

3.linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip

linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

以上觉得不是重点，不给下载地址，不描述安装过程，安装完CentOS 7，截图如下：

![c8629008646e2567f3ea07a35909fd2e.png][]

第一次安装防坑，没有进行任何操作之前，先在VMware中创建该虚拟机快照，后期搞郁闷了，可以回归到该快照版本。特么还是不放心，又把该虚拟机完整克隆一份(强迫症)。

二、安装Oracle前准备

1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组

\[sonny@localhost ~\]$ su root　　\#切换到root

Password:

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# groupadd oinstall　　\#创建用户组oinstall

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# groupadd dba　　\#创建用户组dba

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle　　\#创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# passwd oracle　　\#设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆

Changing password for user oracle.

New password: 　　\# 密码

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

Retype new password: 　　\# 确认密码

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# id oracle \# 查看新建的oracle用户

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

\[root@localhost sonny\]\#

为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组？ 参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html\#13

理论上单例按照需要3种用户组，实际只建两个oinstall和dba，后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。

a.oracle 清单组(一般为oinstall):

OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时，

OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称(默认为 oinstall)以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。

b.数据库管理员(OSDBA，一般为 dba):

OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关

闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA

系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。

c.数据库操作员组(OSOPER，一般为 oper):

OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。

该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。

2.创建oracle数据库安装目录

\[sonny@localhost ~\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# mkdir -p /data/oracle　　\#oracle数据库安装目录

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory　　\#oracle数据库配置文件目录

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# mkdir -p /data/database　　\#oracle数据库软件包解压目录

\[root@localhost sonny\]\# cd /data

\[root@localhost data\]\# ls　　\#创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)

database oracle oraInventory

\[root@localhost data\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle　　\#设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户

\[root@localhost data\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory

\[root@localhost data\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

\[root@localhost data\]\#

3.修改OS系统标识

oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求参考： https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882\_01/install.112/e47689/pre\_install.htm\#LADBI1106

我安装是64位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7)

另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release

\[sonny@localhost data\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost data\]\# cat /proc/version

Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86\_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) \#1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015

\[root@localhost data\]\# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

\[root@localhost data\]\# vi /etc/redhat-release

\[root@localhost data\]\# cat /etc/redhat-release

redhat-7

\[root@localhost data\]\#

4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包

重复一遍，我安装时Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位数据库。

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：(参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882\_01/install.112/e47689/pre\_install.htm\#BABCFJFG)

操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86\_64

compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86\_64

gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86\_64

gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86\_64

glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686

glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86\_64

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86\_64

ksh

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86\_64

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86\_64

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86\_64

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86\_64

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86\_64

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86\_64

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86\_64

make-3.82-19.el7.x86\_64

sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86\_64

老实人，第一次搞，一个一个的安装,命令也很简单，反正文档要求高版本也可以：

\[sonny@localhost data\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost data\]\# yum install binutils

省略...

5.关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙

\[sonny@localhost /\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost /\]\# systemctl status firewalld.service　　\#查看防火墙状态，运行中

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago

Main PID: 802 (firewalld)

CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service

└─802 /usr/bin/Python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd\[1\]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd\[1\]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

\[root@localhost /\]\# systemctl stop firewalld.service　　\#关闭防火墙

\[root@localhost /\]\# systemctl status firewalld.service　　\#再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago

Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd\[1\]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd\[1\]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd\[1\]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd\[1\]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

\[root@localhost /\]\# systemctl disable firewalld.service　　\#禁止使用防火墙(重启也是禁止的)

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

\[root@localhost /\]\#

防火墙先禁用，搞好之后再配置，个人虚拟机，要毛线防火墙~~

6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)

\[root@localhost /\]\# vi /etc/selinux/config

\[root@localhost /\]\# cat /etc/selinux/config

\# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

\# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

\# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

\# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

\# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled \#此处修改为disabled

\# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

\# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

\# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

\# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

\[root@localhost /\]\#

为啥要关闭selinux？因为selinux太高深，非专业人士搞不懂~~

7.修改内核参数

红色部分为添加代码

\[sonny@localhost /\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost /\]\# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

\[root@localhost /\]\# cat /etc/sysct.conf

cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory

\[root@localhost /\]\# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

\# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

\# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/ .conf file

\# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

net.ipv4.icmp\_echo\_ignore\_broadcasts =1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp\_filter=1

fs.file-max=6815744 \#设置最大打开文件数

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

kernel.shmall=2097152 \#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152\*4k/1024/1024

kernel.shmmax=2147483648 \#最大共享内存的段大小

kernel.shmmni=4096 \#整个系统共享内存端的最大数

kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range=9000 65500 \#可使用的IPv4端口范围

net.core.rmem\_default=262144

net.core.rmem\_max=4194304

net.core.wmem\_default=262144

net.core.wmem\_max=1048576

\[root@localhost /\]\#

使配置参数生效

\[root@localhost /\]\# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.icmp\_echo\_ignore\_broadcasts =1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp\_filter =1

sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument

fs.file-max=6815744 \#设置最大打开文件数

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument

kernel.shmall =2097152 \#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152\*4k/1024/1024

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument

kernel.shmmax =2147483648 \#最大共享内存的段大小

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument

kernel.shmmni =4096 \#整个系统共享内存端的最大数

kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range": Invalid argument

net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range =9000 65500 \#可使用的IPv4端口范围

net.core.rmem\_default =262144

net.core.rmem\_max =4194304

net.core.wmem\_default =262144

net.core.wmem\_max =1048576

\[root@localhost /\]\#

8.对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能(红色为添加部分)

\[sonny@localhost /\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost /\]\# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

\[root@localhost /\]\# cat /etc/security/limits.conf

\# /etc/security/limits.conf

\#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.

\#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.

\#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,

\#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this

\#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.

\#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here

\#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the

\#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only

\#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.

\#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

\#Where:

\# can be:

\# - a user name

\# - a group name, with @group syntax

\# - the wildcard \*, for default entry

\# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

\# for maxlogin limit

\# can have the two values:

\# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits

\# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits

\# can be one of the following:

\# - core - limits the core file size (KB)

\# - data - max data size (KB)

\# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

\# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

\# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors

\# - rss - max resident set size (KB)

\# - stack - max stack size (KB)

\# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

\# - nproc - max number of processes

\# - as - address space limit (KB)

\# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

\# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

\# - priority - the priority to run user process with

\# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

\# - sigpending - max number of pending signals

\# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

\# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: \[-20, 19\]

\# - rtprio - max realtime priority

\#\* soft core 0

\#\* hard rss 10000

\#@student hard nproc 20

\#@faculty soft nproc 20

\#@faculty hard nproc 50

\#ftp hard nproc 0

\#@student - maxlogins 4

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

\# End of file

\[root@localhost /\]\#

9.配置用户的环境变量(红色部分为添加代码)

\[root@localhost /\]\# vi /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

\[root@localhost /\]\# cat /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

\# .bash\_profile

\# Get the aliases and functions

if \[ -f ~/.bashrc \]; then

. ~/.bashrc

\# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE\_BASE=/data/oracle \#oracle数据库安装目录

export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/11.2.0/db\_1 \#oracle数据库路径

export ORACLE\_SID=orcl \#oracle启动数据库实例名

export ORACLE\_TERM=xterm \#xterm窗口模式安装

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH \#添加系统环境变量

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib \#添加系统环境变量

export LANG=C \#防止安装过程出现乱码

export NLS\_LANG=AMERICAN\_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK \#设置Oracle客户端字符集，必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题

\[root@localhost /\]\#

使上述配置立即生效：

\[oracle@localhost /\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost /\]\# source /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

\[root@localhost /\]\#

10.上述都搞定了，上传安装包我喜欢xftp，将oracle安装包上传到/usr/local/src

![f9c1ea47dc8a1ad9bc67890738e4be90.png][]

11.解压安装包

\[oracle@localhost /\]$ cd /usr/local/src　　\#进入/usr/local/src目录

\[oracle@localhost src\]$ ls

linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

\[oracle@localhost src\]$ unzip linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip -d /data/database/　　\#解压

(省略...)

\[oracle@localhost src\]$ unzip linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip -d /data/database/　　\#解压

(省略...)

\[oracle@localhost src\]$ su root

Password:

\[root@localhost src\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/

\[root@localhost src\]\#

三、oracle安装

1.图形界面登陆oracle用户：

![0e003784c8370cec82eb6a841f9eb4cd.png][]

2.启动oralce安装，到/data/database/database/目录下，执行runInstaller

![530f365f32a2268167c7fc0540e4b21d.png][]

3.去掉勾，懒得填，个人使用环境不需要自动接收Oracle的安全更新。

![e511aff2716154fa85b20b15fdb60b1d.png][]

4.下一步，只安装数据库软件，个人用不要那些玩意~~

![7571cb03f2f49211afd70cc8c85551df.png][]

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130559p2.htm

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