Nginx 之负载均衡与反向代理

灰太狼 2023-08-17 17:27 144阅读 0赞

负载均衡服务器策略：

**`1.轮循 每个请求逐个分发到后端服务器`**

**`2.加权轮循 按照分配的权重将请求分发到后端服务器`**

**`3.ip hash 轮询的基础上，保持一个客户端多次请求分发到一台后端服务器上`**

一、轮询配置

#定义后端服务器组
        upstream nginx-test{
            server 192.168.0.128;
            server 192.168.0.127;
        }
        server {
            listen       8080;
            server_name  localhost;
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
            root   "G:/phpstudy/nginx/html";
            
            location / {
               index  index.html index.htm index.php l.php;
               autoindex  on;
               proxy_pass http://nginx-test;
            }
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
            
            location ~ \.php(.*)$  {
                fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9001;
                fastcgi_index  index.php;
                fastcgi_split_path_info  ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO  $fastcgi_path_info;
                fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED  $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
                include        fastcgi_params;
            }
            
        }

二、轮询加权配置

#定义后端服务器组
        upstream nginx-test{
            server 192.168.0.128 weight=2;
            server 192.168.0.127;
            server 192.168.0.126 backup; # 备份服务器，其他服务器宕机后启动
        }
        server {
            listen       8080;
            server_name  localhost;
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
            root   "G:/phpstudy/nginx/html";
            
            location / {
               index  index.html index.htm index.php l.php;
               autoindex  on;
               proxy_pass http://nginx-test;
            }
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
        }

三、IP Hash配置

#定义后端服务器组
        upstream nginx-test{
            ip_hash;
            server 192.168.0.128;
            server 192.168.0.127;
            server 192.168.0.126;
        }
        server {
            listen       8080;
            server_name  localhost;
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
            root   "G:/phpstudy/nginx/html";
            
            location / {
               index  index.html index.htm index.php l.php;
               autoindex  on;
               proxy_pass http://nginx-test;
            }
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }    
        }

四、负载均衡与反向代理区别

1、负载均衡需要通过反向代理来实现  
2、反向代理就是指nginx作为前端服务器，将请求转发到后端，再将后端服务器的结果，返回给客户端  
它在中间做了一个代理服务器的角色  
3、负载均衡对反向代理增加了一些策略，因为后端是多台服务器，nginx会根据设定的策略将请求转发给一个相对空闲的服务器，对负载进行分流，减轻服务器压力

![1509251-20190827161729882-1297110832.png][]

五、反向代理配置

#定义后端服务器组
        upstream nginx-test{
            server 192.168.0.127;
        }
        server {
            listen       8080;
            server_name  localhost;
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
            root   "G:/phpstudy/nginx/html";
            
        　　#代理配置参数
            proxy_connect_timeout 180;
            proxy_send_timeout 180;
            proxy_read_timeout 180;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarder-For $remote_addr;
            
            location / {
            　　proxy_pass http://nginx-test;
            }
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
        }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yang-2018/p/11418869.html

[1509251-20190827161729882-1297110832.png]: /images/20230808/8fee506f0df040c3a6cce244def768dc.png