pytest用于flask项目数据模型单元测试

蔚落 2023-08-17 17:07 63阅读 0赞

# 项目目录结构 #

│  .coverage
    │  config.py
    │  manage.py
    │  README.md
    │  requirements.txt
    │  setup.cfg
    │  tree.txt
    ├─instance
    ├─migrations    
    ├─mytools
    │  │  extensions.py
    │  │  logger.py
    │  │  models.py
    │  │  __init__.py
    │  │  
    │  ├─logs
    │  │      assistant.log    
    ├─tests
    │  │  conftest.py
    │  │  test_db.py
    │  │  test_scope.py
    │  │  
    │  ├─data
    │  │      setup.sql
    │  │      teardown.sql

借助功能齐全的pytest测试框架，编写了一套mysql数据表的测试框架，实现了数据与用例分离，数据批量初始化、销毁，简单易用。

# 核心模块conftest.py简介 #

conftest.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # encoding: utf-8
    """ @author: wanwei @license: (C) Copyright 2013-2017, Node Supply Chain Manager Corporation Limited. @software: pycharm @file: conftest.py @time: 2019/9/24 11:02 @desc: """
    import pytest
    import os
    import sys
    sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../')))
    
    from mytools import create_app
    from mytools.extensions import db
    
    # 加载数据初始化SQL语句文件
    with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), './data/setup.sql'), 'rb') as f:
        _setup_sql = f.readlines()
    
    # 销毁数据SQL语句文件
    with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), './data/teardown.sql'), 'rb') as f:
        _teardown_sql = f.readlines()
    
    
    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def setup(request):
        def teardown():
            print("用例执行结束..................................")
        request.addfinalizer(teardown)
        print("用例执行开始..................................")
    
    @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
    def setup_database(request):
        print("setup tb_user开始执行...............")
        # ----------FLASK-SQLALCHEMY数据库配置---------#
        USERNAME = 'root'
        PASSWORD = '123456'
        HOST = '127.0.0.1'
        DB = 'mockservertest'
    
        SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+mysqlconnector://%s:%s@%s/%s' % (USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOST, DB)
        # 创建应用实例
        app = create_app({ 
            'TESTING': True,
            # 数据库文件存放路径
            'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI': SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI,
            'SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS': False,
            'SQLALCHEMY_ECHO': False
        })
        def teardown_database():
            print("teardown tb_user开始执行...............")
            with app.app_context():
                #初始化数据库模型
                db.create_all()
                for sql in _teardown_sql:
                    if sql:
                        db.engine.execute(sql.decode('utf-8'))
        request.addfinalizer(teardown_database)
        with app.app_context():
            for sql in _setup_sql:
                if sql:
                    db.engine.execute(sql.decode('utf-8'))
    
    
    @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
    def setup_function(request):
        def teardown_function():
            print("teardown_function called...")
        request.addfinalizer(teardown_function)  # 内嵌函数做teardown操作
        print("setup_function called...")
    
    
    @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
    def setup_test(request):
        def teardown_test():
            print("teardown_module called...")
        request.addfinalizer(teardown_test)
        print("setup_module called...")

从上面的代码来看，fixture具备以下优势：

*  命名方式灵活，不局限于setup和teardown这几个命名，装饰器@pytest.fixture下可以自定义fixture函数，命名可以根据使用场景来自定义
 *  conftest.py 配置里可以实现数据共享，不需要import就能自动找到一些配置，运行pytest，即可自动导入
 *  scope=“module” 可以实现多个.py跨文件共享前置, 一次引入，该用例.py文件调用一次
 *  scope=“session” 一次引入，多个.py跨文件使用一个session来完成多个用例模块py文件的数据初始化和销毁

conftest.py配置需要注意以下点：

*  conftest.py配置脚本名称是固定的，不能改名称，即名称必须是conftest.py
 *  conftest.py与运行的用例要在同一个pakage下，并且有\_\_init\_\_.py文件
 *  不需要import导入 conftest.py，pytest用例会自动查找

# 数据初始化文件 #

│  ├─data
    │  │      setup.sql
    │  │      teardown.sql

借助conftest.py可轻松实现数据与用例分离  
setup.sql

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(password_hash,username,lastseen) VALUES ('pbkdf2:sha256:150000$3mEwvVlo$8f98a0ba2576529e7cd379eaea723bd2195ad1882d480150ff4736a5ed05a260', 'wanwei', '2019-9-18 14:59:43');
    INSERT INTO `tb_user`(password_hash,username,lastseen) VALUES ('pbkdf2:sha256:150000$P2sZt9ih$d4ef4d800c4ae7a139fae3a389bbddab6789e7524bd976ab5914945bc52d0f59', 'wanwei2', '2019-9-23 20:08:49');

teardown.sql

DELETE FROM `tb_user` WHERE username='wanwei';
    DELETE FROM `tb_user` WHERE username='wanwei2';

# 测试用例 #

测试用例具备以下特点：

*  测试用例文件以test\_开头或以\_test结尾
 *  引入fixture，只需在测试函数参数列表中传入fixture名称即可  
    test\_db.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # encoding: utf-8
    """ @author: wanwei @license: (C) Copyright 2013-2017, Node Supply Chain Manager Corporation Limited. @software: pycharm @file: test_db.py @time: 2019/9/24 13:46 @desc: """
    from mytools.models import User
    from mytools.extensions import db
    from mytools import app
    
    
    def test_password_hash(setup):
        """测试密码加密"""
        u = User(username="wanwei3")
        u.set_password("sdfg")
        assert u.check_password("sdfg") is True
        assert u.check_password("huwe") is False
    
    
    def test_follow(setup_database):
        """测试关注函数"""
        with app.app_context():
            user1 = User.query.filter_by(username='wanwei').first()
            user2 = User.query.filter_by(username='wanwei2').first()
            assert user1.username == 'wanwei','user1 username不正确'
            assert user2.username == 'wanwei2','user2 username不正确'

test\_scope.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # encoding: utf-8
    """ @author: wanwei @license: (C) Copyright 2013-2017, Node Supply Chain Manager Corporation Limited. @contact: wei_wan@sui.com @software: pycharm @file: pytest1.py @time: 2019/9/29 15:29 @desc: """
    import pytest
    
    
    @pytest.mark.recommend
    def test_1(setup_function):
        print("test_1 called...")
    
    
    def test_2(setup_test):
        # assert 1 != 1
        print("test_2 called...")
    
    
    def test_3(setup_test):
        print("test_3 called...")

# 测试配置文件setup.cfg #

*  与应用 app 同级，用于配置测试参数；
 *  filterwarnings 用于忽略废弃提示；
 *  testpaths 用于定义测试脚本所在目录；
 *  source 设置 coverage 测试时的应用名称。  
    setup.cfg

[tool:pytest]
    filterwarnings =
        error
        ignore::DeprecationWarning
    testpaths = tests
    
    [coverage:run]
    branch = True
    source = mytools

# 测试运行 #

*  pytest，命令行输出一串点
 *  pytest -v，命令行输出每个用例的列表
 *  pytest -s，命令行可以输出用例执行的详细print函数打印信息
 *  pytest 用例文件名，可以单独运行用例模块
 *  pytest ./tests/test\_scope.py::test\_2，单独运行某个测试用例

# 使用coverage模块统计测试覆盖率 #

(mockenv) E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo>pytest ./tests/test_scope.py::test_2
    ============================================================================================ test session starts ============================================================================================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.9.2, py-1.7.0, pluggy-0.8.0
    rootdir: E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo, inifile: setup.cfg
    plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0, cov-2.7.1, allure-adaptor-1.7.10
    collected 1 item                                                                                                                                                                                             
    
    tests\test_scope.py .                                                                                                                                                                                  [100%]
    
    ========================================================================================= 1 passed in 0.07 seconds ==========================================================================================
    
    (mockenv) E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo>
    (mockenv) E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo>
    (mockenv) E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo>coverage run -m pytest
    ============================================================================================ test session starts ============================================================================================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.9.2, py-1.7.0, pluggy-0.8.0
    rootdir: E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo, inifile: setup.cfg
    plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0, cov-2.7.1, allure-adaptor-1.7.10
    collected 5 items                                                                                                                                                                                            
    
    tests\test_db.py ..                                                                                                                                                                                    [ 40%]
    tests\test_scope.py ...                                                                                                                                                                                [100%]
    
    ========================================================================================= 5 passed in 0.65 seconds ==========================================================================================

(mockenv) E:\技术资料\接口框架\datatestdemo>coverage report
    Name                    Stmts   Miss Branch BrPart  Cover
    ---------------------------------------------------------
    mytools\__init__.py        19      0      4      0   100%
    mytools\extensions.py       7      0      0      0   100%
    mytools\logger.py          13      1      2      1    87%
    mytools\models.py          29      5      0      0    83%
    ---------------------------------------------------------
    TOTAL                      68      6      6      1    91%

生成html报告

coverage html

在htmlcov目录中生成HTML报告，直接打开htmlcov/index.html 即可查看用例覆盖情况：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMDA4MjIxNDYwODU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
项目地址：  
https://github.com/wanwei890116/Apitest

参考：  
pytest文档5-fixture之conftest.py  
https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/9390073.html

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2EyMDA4MjIxNDYwODU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230808/a0d4609a24624a7386e831d1b86ee24c.png