49.Qt-网络编程之QTCPSocket和QTCPServer(实现简易网络调试助手)

桃扇骨 2023-08-17 16:16 58阅读 0赞

8.9更新说明

如下图所示,支持十六进制收发,下载地址已经更新.源码下载地址:[https://download.csdn.net/download/qq\_37997682/11504836][https_download.csdn.net_download_qq_37997682_11504836]

![1182576-20190809152834490-1404603626.png][]

--------------------

在上章 **[48.QT-网络通信讲解1][48.QT-_1],**我们学习了网络通信基础后,本章便来实战一篇.

**PS:**支持客户端和服务器,提供源码,并且服务器支持多客户端连入,并且可以指定与个别客户端发送数据,也可以给所有连入的客户端发送数据.

**1.****效果图所下所示:**

![1182576-20190807200649207-1000692825.png][]

如下图所示,当服务器状态下,如果有客户端连入,会提示客户端信息:

![1182576-20190807200711080-1224526506.png][]

**2.****效果操作**

客户端操作:

![1182576-20190807200742031-1163389692.gif][]

服务器操作:

![1182576-20190807203202808-1265835863.gif][]

从上面操作可以看出,服务器支持多客户端连入,并且可以指定与个别客户端发送数据,也可以给所有连入的客户端发送数据.

**3.****首先创建UI**

![1182576-20190807200912110-1653384696.png][]

**4.****注意事项**

不管是服务器还是客户端,都可以通过peerAddress()和peerPort()来获取目标地址和目标端口

**4.1****服务器监听时**

比如服务器,则可以通过QTcpSocket的peerAddress()则可以获取连入的客户端地址

也可以通过children()来获取所有连入的客户端(需要注意的是也会获取到服务器本身的tcp地址和端口),示例如下:

QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
    foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
    {
         
            qDebug() << "Address:" << tcp->peerAddress ();
            qDebug() << "Port:" << tcp->peerPort  ();
    }

如果我们只向连入的客户端某个端口发送数据时,就可以通过上面的方式筛选出来.

这样做的话如果觉得很麻烦,也可以将之前连接上的客户端存到QList里再进行筛选.

**4.2 QTcpSocket步骤**

*  首先通过connectToHost()来连接服务器.
 *  然后调用waitForConnected()来判断是否连接服务器超时
 *  当我们接收到服务器数据的时候,则会发出readyRead()信号,然后再进行read ()读取发来的数据
 *  发送数据时,则调用write()函数进行发送,当bytesWritten()信号函数触发时,便可以获取成功发送的数据长度.

**注意:**如果read到的数据长度量不是自己想要的,此时我们便可以通过bytesAvailable()来读取接收到的数据长度量.当达到多少时,再进行read ()读取.

**4.3 QTcpServer步骤**

*  首先通过listen(QHostAddress::AnyIPv4, port)来监听所有来自IPV4的客户端
 *  当有新的客户端连接服务器的时候,会自动触发newConnection()信号函数,然后我们可以通过通过QTcpSocket \* nextPendingConnection()成员函数来获取当前连接上的新的客户端类.然后再对QTcpSocket来进行信号槽绑定
 *  当客户端发来数据的时候,则可以通过我们定义的onServerDataReady()来读取数据
 *  当我们向某个连接的客户端发送数据时,则通过m\_server.findChildren()来筛选出来,然后write即可.

**5.代码介绍**

**5.1  头文件介绍**

#ifndef WIDGET_H
    #define WIDGET_H
    
    #include <QWidget>
    #include <QTcpSocket>
    #include <QTcpServer>
    #include <QMessageBox>
    
    namespace Ui {
    class Widget;
    }
    
    class Widget : public QWidget
    {
        Q_OBJECT
    
        QTcpSocket m_client;
        QTcpServer m_server;
        QString targetAddr;
        int targetPort;
    public:
        explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
        ~Widget();
    private slots:
        void on_btn_switch_clicked();
        void on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(int index);
        void on_btn_send_clicked();             //发送按钮
        void on_betn_clear_clicked();           //清空按钮
    
        //客户端槽函数
        void onClientConnected();
        void onClientDisconnected();
        void onClientDataReady();
        void onClientBytesWritten(qint64 bytes);
        void onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError);
    
        //服务器槽函数
        void onServerNewConnection();
        void onServerConnected();
        void onServerDisconnected();
        void onServerDataReady();
        void onServerBytesWritten(qint64 bytes);
    private:
        void startConnect(bool ison);
    
        void initClientSignals();   //初始化客户端信号槽
        bool startClient();         //启动客户端
    
        void initServerSignals();   //初始化客户端信号槽
        bool startServer();     //启动服务器
    
        Ui::Widget *ui;
    };
    
    #endif // WIDGET_H

**5.2  widget.cpp介绍**

该cpp主要是用来处理界面操作的函数

#include "widget.h"
    #include "ui_widget.h"
    
    Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
        QWidget(parent),
        ui(new Ui::Widget)
    {
        ui->setupUi(this);
        startConnect(false);
        on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(0);
        initClientSignals();        //初始化客户端信号槽
        initServerSignals();        //初始化服务器信号槽
    
        //限制只能数字输入
        QRegExp regx("[0-9]+$");
        QValidator *validator = new QRegExpValidator(regx, this );
        ui->ipAddr1->setValidator( validator );
        ui->ipAddr2->setValidator( validator );
        ui->ipAddr3->setValidator( validator );
        ui->ipAddr4->setValidator( validator );
        ui->ipPort->setValidator( validator );
    }
    void Widget::on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(int index)
    {
        if(index==0)        //clent
        {
            ui->ipPortLabel->setText("服务器端口号:");
            ui->ipAddLabel->show();
            ui->ipAdds->show();
            ui->targetLabel->hide();
            ui->targetObject->hide();
        }
        else
        {
            ui->ipAddLabel->hide();
            ui->ipAdds->hide();
            ui->ipPortLabel->setText("本地端口号:");
        }
    }
    
    void Widget::on_btn_switch_clicked()        //切换连接开关
    {
        bool ret;
        if(ui->btn_switch->text()=="打开连接")
        {
            if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0)  //启动客户端
               ret=startClient() ;
            else
                ret=startServer();
            if(ret)
                startConnect(true);
        }
        else
        {
            if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0)  //启动客户端
              m_client.close();
            else
            {
                if( m_server.isListening() )
                {
                    QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
                    foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                    {
                        tcp->close();
                    }
                    m_server.close();
                }
            }
            startConnect(false);
        }
    }
    
    
    void Widget::startConnect(bool ison)
    {
        if(!ison)
        {
            ui->btn_switch->setStyleSheet("color:blue;border: 1px solid blue");
            ui->btn_switch->setText("打开连接");
    
            //使能
            ui->ipAddr1->setEnabled(true);
            ui->ipAddr2->setEnabled(true);
            ui->ipAddr3->setEnabled(true);
            ui->ipAddr4->setEnabled(true);
            ui->tcpMode->setEnabled(true);
            ui->ipPort->setEnabled(true);
            ui->localPort->setText("");
        }
        else
        {
            ui->btn_switch->setStyleSheet("color:red;border: 1px solid red");
            ui->btn_switch->setText("关闭连接");
            //失能
            ui->ipAddr1->setEnabled(false);
            ui->ipAddr2->setEnabled(false);
            ui->ipAddr3->setEnabled(false);
            ui->ipAddr4->setEnabled(false);
            ui->tcpMode->setEnabled(false);
            ui->ipPort->setEnabled(false);
            targetAddr="";
            targetPort=0;
            ui->sendLenLabel->setText("0");
        }
    }
    
    void Widget::on_betn_clear_clicked()
    {
       ui->recvEdit->clear();
       targetAddr="";
       targetPort=0;
    }
    
    void Widget::on_btn_send_clicked()
    {
        if(ui->btn_switch->text()!="打开连接")
        {
            if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0)  //客户端
            {
                m_client.write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
            }
            else
            {
                if(ui->targetObject->currentText()!="所有对象")
                {
                    QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
                    foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                    {
                        if(ui->targetObject->currentText() == tcp->objectName())
                        {
                            tcp->write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else            //所有连接上的客户端都发送一遍
                {
                    QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
                    foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                    {
                        tcp->write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    Widget::~Widget()
    {
        QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
        foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
        {
            tcp->close();
        }
        if(m_client.isOpen())
        {
            m_client.close();
             qDebug()<<"m_client close";
        }
        delete ui;
    }

**5.3 clentHandler.cpp介绍**

该cpp主要用来处理客户端操作相关的文件.

#include "widget.h"
    #include "ui_widget.h"
    
    void Widget::initClientSignals()  //初始化客户端信号槽
    {
        connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onClientConnected()));
        connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onClientDisconnected()));
        connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onClientDataReady()));
        connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), this, SLOT(onClientBytesWritten(qint64)));
        connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError )), this, SLOT(onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));
    }
    bool Widget::startClient()         //启动客户端
    {
        QString ip = QString("%1.%2.%3.%4").arg(ui->ipAddr1->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr2->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr3->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr4->text());
        qDebug()<<ip;
        m_client.connectToHost(ip, ui->ipPort->text().toInt());
        if(m_client.waitForConnected(800))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("连接超时"),QMessageBox::Ok);
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    void Widget::onClientConnected()
    {
        startConnect(true);
        QMessageBox::information(this,"提示","连接成功",QMessageBox::Ok);
        ui->localPort->setText(QString("%1").arg(m_client.localPort())); //显示本地端口号
    }
    void Widget::onClientDisconnected()
    {
        startConnect(false);
        QMessageBox::information(this,"提示","断开完成",QMessageBox::Ok);
    }
    void Widget::onClientDataReady()
    {
        if(m_client.peerAddress().toString()!=targetAddr || m_client.peerPort()!=targetPort  )
        {
            targetAddr = m_client.peerAddress().toString();
            targetPort = m_client.peerPort();
            ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText("[接受来自"+ targetAddr+":"+QString("%1").arg(targetPort)+"]:\r\n");
        }
        ui->recvEdit->moveCursor(QTextCursor::End);
        ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText(QString::fromLocal8Bit(m_client.readAll())+"\r\n");
    }
    void Widget::onClientBytesWritten(qint64 bytes)
    {
        qDebug() << "onBytesWritten:" << bytes;
        ui->sendLenLabel->setText(QString("%1").arg(ui->sendLenLabel->text().toInt()+bytes));
    }
    
    void  Widget::onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError)
    {
        qDebug()<<"onClientErr:"<<socketError;
        m_client.close();
        startConnect(false);
        QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("连接失败:%1").arg((int)socketError),QMessageBox::Ok);
    }

**5.4 serverHandler.cpp介绍**

该cpp主要用来处理服务器操作相关的文件

#include "widget.h"
    #include "ui_widget.h"
    
    void Widget::initServerSignals()   //初始化信号槽
    {
        connect(&m_server, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(onServerNewConnection()));
    }
    bool Widget::startServer()         //启动服务器
    {
        if(m_server.listen(QHostAddress::AnyIPv4,ui->ipPort->text().toInt()))       //只监听IPV4的所有客户端
        {
            ui->targetLabel->show();
            ui->targetObject->show();
            ui->localPort->setText(QString("%1").arg(m_server.serverPort()));
            return true;
        }
        else
           return false;
    }
    void Widget::onServerNewConnection()
    {
        qDebug() << "onNewConnection";
        QTcpSocket* tcp = m_server.nextPendingConnection();     //获取新的客户端信息
        QString info=tcp->peerAddress().toString()+":"+QString("%1").arg(tcp->peerPort());
        ui->targetObject->addItem(info);
        QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("新的客户端连入:%1").arg(info),QMessageBox::Ok);
        tcp->setObjectName(info);       //设置名称,方便查找
        connect(tcp, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onServerConnected()));
        connect(tcp, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onServerDisconnected()));
        connect(tcp, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onServerDataReady()));
        connect(tcp, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), this, SLOT(onServerBytesWritten(qint64)));
    }
    void Widget::onServerConnected()
    {
    
    }
    
    void Widget::onServerDisconnected()
    {
        QTcpSocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<QTcpSocket*>(sender());
        if( tcp != NULL )       //从连接对象中移除掉
        {
            qDebug() << "onServerDisconnected";
            qDebug() << "Local Address:" << tcp->peerAddress();
            qDebug() << "Local Port:" << tcp->peerPort();
            QString info=tcp->peerAddress().toString()+":"+QString("%1").arg(tcp->peerPort());
            QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("客户端断开连接:%1").arg(info),QMessageBox::Ok);
    
            int index = ui-> targetObject ->findText(info);
            if(index>=0)
            ui->targetObject->removeItem(index);
        }
    }
    void Widget::onServerDataReady()
    {
        QTcpSocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<QTcpSocket*>(sender());
        if(tcp->peerAddress().toString()!=targetAddr || tcp->peerPort()!=targetPort  )
        {
            targetAddr = tcp->peerAddress().toString();
            targetPort = tcp->peerPort();
            ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText("[接受来自"+ targetAddr+":"+QString("%1").arg(targetPort)+"]:\r\n");
        }
        ui->recvEdit->moveCursor(QTextCursor::End);
        ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText(QString::fromLocal8Bit(tcp->readAll())+"\r\n");
    }
    void Widget::onServerBytesWritten(qint64 bytes)
    {
        qDebug() << "onBytesWritten:" << bytes;
        ui->sendLenLabel->setText(QString("%1").arg(ui->sendLenLabel->text().toInt()+bytes));
    }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lifexy/p/11317662.html

[https_download.csdn.net_download_qq_37997682_11504836]: https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_37997682/11504836
[1182576-20190809152834490-1404603626.png]: /images/20230810/152efd02dbaf4f4794c04baca18520ed.png
[48.QT-_1]: https://www.cnblogs.com/lifexy/p/11315263.html
[1182576-20190807200649207-1000692825.png]: /images/20230810/140b805535634d42a21aff02636feef1.png
[1182576-20190807200711080-1224526506.png]: /images/20230810/9d314f1de04e4560941ca04968974939.png
[1182576-20190807200742031-1163389692.gif]: /images/20230810/5c659d377b1245d6bee3031d45313e22.png
[1182576-20190807203202808-1265835863.gif]: /images/20230810/1afe35c0a45b4a05a02174845c5c9d29.png
[1182576-20190807200912110-1653384696.png]: /images/20230810/8fbce45c97744ecb9a5c155c6617cd1f.png