Java中的线程池——ThreadPoolExecutor源代码分析

超、凢脫俗 2023-07-19 12:02 33阅读 0赞

# 线程池ThreadPoolExecutor的使用说明和变量的定义 #

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0)); // 使用一个ctl同时维护线程池的状态和线程数量，不仅仅是为了通过位运算提高效率，能够有效避免两者不一致的情况，如果2个地方存储，可能需要锁去保证一致性。（因为线程池源码同时操作线程池状态和线程数量的地方挺多的）（volatile）
    
        private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3; //32-3=29
    
        private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1; //  000{28个1}1
    
    
    
    // runState is stored in the high-order bits 把运行状态保存在最高的三位
    
        private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS; //111{28个0}0
    
        private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS; //000{28个0}0
    
        private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS; //001{28个0}0
    
        private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS; //010{28个0}0
    
        private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS; //011{28个0}0
    
    
    
    // Packing and unpacking ctl
    
        private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; } //~CAPACITY = 111{28个0}0 ，位运算取最高三位
    
        private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; } //位运算取除去最高三位后的29位。
    
        private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; } //或运算，拼装ctl
    
    
    
    /*
    
     * Bit field accessors that don't require unpacking ctl.
    
     * These depend on the bit layout and on workerCount being never negative.
    
     */
    
    
    
        private static boolean runStateLessThan(int c, int s) {
    
        return c < s; //比较运行状态
    
        }
    
    
    
        private static boolean runStateAtLeast(int c, int s) {
    
        return c >= s; //比较运行状态
    
        }
    
    
    
        private static boolean isRunning(int c) {
    
        return c < SHUTDOWN; //不能用等于，因为只有最高三位是状态位。
    
        }
    
    
    
        /**
    
          * Attempts to CAS-increment the workerCount field of ctl.
    
          */
    
        private boolean compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(int expect) {
    
        return ctl.compareAndSet(expect, expect + 1); //CAS
    
        }
    
    
    
        /**
    
          * Attempts to CAS-decrement the workerCount field of ctl.
    
          */
    
        private boolean compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(int expect) {
    
        return ctl.compareAndSet(expect, expect - 1); //CAS
    
        }
    
    
    
        /**
    
          * Decrements the workerCount field of ctl. This is called only on
    
          * abrupt termination of a thread (see processWorkerExit). Other
    
          * decrements are performed within getTask.
    
          */
    
        private void decrementWorkerCount() {
    
        do {} while (! compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(ctl.get())); //自旋等待
    
        }
    
    /**
         * The queue used for holding tasks and handing off to worker
         * threads.  We do not require that workQueue.poll() returning
         * null necessarily means that workQueue.isEmpty(), so rely
         * solely on isEmpty to see if the queue is empty (which we must
         * do for example when deciding whether to transition from
         * SHUTDOWN to TIDYING).  This accommodates special-purpose
         * queues such as DelayQueues for which poll() is allowed to
         * return null even if it may later return non-null when delays
         * expire.
         */
        private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue; //任务队列用于放提交到线程池的任务，并有任务线程处理。
    
        /**
         * Lock held on access to workers set and related bookkeeping.
         * While we could use a concurrent set of some sort, it turns out
         * to be generally preferable to use a lock. Among the reasons is
         * that this serializes interruptIdleWorkers, which avoids
         * unnecessary interrupt storms, especially during shutdown.
         * Otherwise exiting threads would concurrently interrupt those
         * that have not yet interrupted. It also simplifies some of the
         * associated statistics bookkeeping of largestPoolSize etc. We
         * also hold mainLock on shutdown and shutdownNow, for the sake of
         * ensuring workers set is stable while separately checking
         * permission to interrupt and actually interrupting.
         */
        private final ReentrantLock mainLock = new ReentrantLock(); //当需要访问任务线程集合和相关的记录需要，加锁。
    
        /**
         * Set containing all worker threads in pool. Accessed only when
         * holding mainLock.
         */
        private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>(); //线程池任务线程集，当持有mainLock锁时，可以访问线程池任务线程集
    
        /**
         * Wait condition to support awaitTermination
         */
        private final Condition termination = mainLock.newCondition(); //等待线程池结束条件 
    
        /**
         * Tracks largest attained pool size. Accessed only under
         * mainLock.
         */
        private int largestPoolSize; //在持有mainLock的情况下，追踪最大线程池 
    
        /**
         * Counter for completed tasks. Updated only on termination of
         * worker threads. Accessed only under mainLock.
         */
        private long completedTaskCount; //在持有mainLock的情况下，可以访问，completedTaskCount为完成任务计数器，在任务线程结束时更新。 
    
        /*
         * All user control parameters are declared as volatiles so that
         * ongoing actions are based on freshest values, but without need
         * for locking, since no internal invariants depend on them
         * changing synchronously with respect to other actions.
         */
    
        /**
         * Factory for new threads. All threads are created using this
         * factory (via method addWorker).  All callers must be prepared
         * for addWorker to fail, which may reflect a system or user's
         * policy limiting the number of threads.  Even though it is not
         * treated as an error, failure to create threads may result in
         * new tasks being rejected or existing ones remaining stuck in
         * the queue.
         *
         * We go further and preserve pool invariants even in the face of
         * errors such as OutOfMemoryError, that might be thrown while
         * trying to create threads.  Such errors are rather common due to
         * the need to allocate a native stack in Thread.start, and users
         * will want to perform clean pool shutdown to clean up.  There
         * will likely be enough memory available for the cleanup code to
         * complete without encountering yet another OutOfMemoryError.
         */
        private volatile ThreadFactory threadFactory; //创建任务线程的工厂
    
        /**
         * Handler called when saturated or shutdown in execute.
         */
        private volatile RejectedExecutionHandler handler; //当线程池饱和或线程池关闭时，拒绝任务处理handler
    
        /**
         * Timeout in nanoseconds for idle threads waiting for work.
         * Threads use this timeout when there are more than corePoolSize
         * present or if allowCoreThreadTimeOut. Otherwise they wait
         * forever for new work.
         */
        private volatile long keepAliveTime; //线程池空闲任务线程，等待任务的时间。如果当前线程数量大于核心线程池数量，且allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true，任务线程空闲，允许等待keepAliveTime时间，以便在这个时间范围内，有任务需要执行。
    
        /**
         * If false (default), core threads stay alive even when idle.
         * If true, core threads use keepAliveTime to time out waiting
         * for work.
         */
        private volatile boolean allowCoreThreadTimeOut; //在当前线程数量大于核心线程池数量的情况下，是否允许空闲任务线程等，保活keepAliveTime时间，等待任务的到来。 
    
        /**
         * Core pool size is the minimum number of workers to keep alive
         * (and not allow to time out etc) unless allowCoreThreadTimeOut
         * is set, in which case the minimum is zero.
         */
        private volatile int corePoolSize; //在不允许空闲等待的情况，核心线程池数量，即保活的任务线程最小数量。如果允许空闲等待，线程池任务线程可能为0。 
    
        /**
         * Maximum pool size. Note that the actual maximum is internally
         * bounded by CAPACITY.
         */
        private volatile int maximumPoolSize; // 最大线程池数量，如果容量是有界的，实际为CAPACITY 
    
        /**
         * The default rejected execution handler
         */
        private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
            new AbortPolicy(); //默认的拒绝任务策略，抛出运行时异常

## 小结 ##

ThreadPoolExecutor的变量主要有：  
核心线程池数量corePoolSize。  
最大线程池数量maximumPoolSize。  
allowCoreThreadTimeOut 允许空闲任务线程。  
保活keepAliveTime时间，等待新任务的到来。  
线程工厂ThreadFactory用于创建任务线程。  
拒绝任务处理器RejectedExecutionHandler，默认的拒绝任务策略为AbortPolicy，抛出运行时异常。还有：直接丢弃策略DiscardPolicy、丢弃旧的任务DiscardOldestPolicy、调用者执行任务策略CallerRunsPolicy。  
上面的变量为volatile，保证可见性，以便线程池执行操作时，可以使用最新的变量。  
阻塞的任务队列final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue。  
AtomicInteger的ctl用于包装线程状态runState和任务线程数workerCount。  
任务线程集final HashSet<Worker> workers。  
largestPoolSize记录线程池的最大任务线程数。  
completedTaskCount为完成任务计数器，在任务线程结束时更新。  
可重入锁mainLock，用于保护非线程安全的变量如workers，largestPoolSize，completedTaskCount。  
等待线程池结束条件termination，用于控制超时等待线程池关闭。

## CTL ##

使用一个ctl同时维护线程池的状态和线程数量，不仅仅是为了通过位运算提高效率，能够有效避免两者不一致的情况，如果2个地方存储，可能需要锁去保证一致性。（因为线程池源码同时操作线程池状态和线程数量的地方挺多的）

## 状态解释 ##

*  RUNNING是运行状态，线程池可以接收新任务
 *  SHUTDOWN是在调用shutdown()方法以后处在的状态。表示不再接收新任务，但队列中的任务可以执行完毕
 *  STOP是在调用shutdownNow()方法以后的状态。不再接收新任务，中断正在执行的任务，抛弃队列中的任务
 *  TIDYING表示所有任务都执行完毕
 *  TERMINATED为中止状态，调用terminated()方法后，尝试更新为此状态

## 状态变迁过程 ##

* RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN
    
    *    On invocation of shutdown(), perhaps implicitly in finalize()
    
    * (RUNNING or SHUTDOWN) -> STOP
    
    *    On invocation of shutdownNow()
    
    * SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING
    
    *    When both queue and pool are empty
    
    * STOP -> TIDYING
    
    *    When pool is empty
    
    * TIDYING -> TERMINATED
    
    *    When the terminated() hook method has completed

# 线程池执行提交任务和执行任务 #

## 执行任务的方法 ##

public void execute(Runnable command) {
    
        if (command == null)
    
            throw new NullPointerException();
    
        /*
    
         * Proceed in 3 steps:
    
         *
    
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
    
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first
    
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
    
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
    
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
    
         *
    
     1.如果工作线程小于核心线程池数量，尝试新建一个工作线程执行任务addWorker。addWorker将会自动检查线程池状态和工作线程数，以防在添加工作线程的过程中，线程池被关闭。 
    
    
    
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
    
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
    
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
    
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
    
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
    
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
    
    2.如果创建工作线程执行任务失败，则任务入队列，如果入队列成功，我们仍需要二次检查线程池状态，以防在入队列的过程中，线程池关闭。如果线程池关闭，则回滚任务。 
    
         *
    
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
    
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
    
         * and so reject the task.
    
         */
    
            如果任务入队列失败，则尝试创建一个工作线程执行任务
    
    
    
    
        int c = ctl.get();
    
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
    
            if (addWorker(command, true))
    
                return;
    
            c = ctl.get();
    
        }
    
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
    
            int recheck = ctl.get();
    
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
    
                reject(command);
    
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
    
                addWorker(null, false);
    
        }
    
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
    
            reject(command);
    
        }

![添加任务][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dTWVcxMjY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

*  判断command是否为空
 *  计算线程池中的线程数量，如果数量小于corePoolSize，就创建一个新线程执行任务
 *  如果线程池正在运行状态，且写入队列成功。
    
     *  再次获取线程池状态判断，如果线程状态变成了非运行状态，就从队列中移除任务，调用reject()方法执行饱和策略handler
     *  如果线程池为空，就创建一个新线程执行任务。【在合适的时机，队列中的任务会被调度】
 *  如果第3步判断没有通过，尝试建立线程执行任务，若没有成功，就执行饱和策略handler

## 添加线程池**worker** ##

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
    
        retry:
    
        for (;;) {
    
            int c = ctl.get(); //获取ctl
    
            int rs = runStateOf(c);//获取运行状态
    
    
    
            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.  //判断运行状态和是否为core size=0，添加一个线程。
    
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
    
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
    
                   firstTask == null &&
    
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
    
                return false;
    
    
    
            for (;;) {
    
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
    
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
    
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
    
                    return false;
    
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
    
                    break retry;
    
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
    
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
    
                    continue retry;
    
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
    
            }
    
        }
    
    
    
        boolean workerStarted = false;
    
        boolean workerAdded = false;
    
        Worker w = null;
    
        try {
    
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
    
            final Thread t = w.thread;
    
            if (t != null) {
    
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    
                mainLock.lock();
    
                try {
    
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
    
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
    
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
    
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
    
    
    
                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
    
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
    
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
    
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
    
                        workers.add(w);
    
                        int s = workers.size();
    
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
    
                            largestPoolSize = s;
    
                        workerAdded = true;
    
                    }
    
                } finally {
    
                    mainLock.unlock();
    
                }
    
                if (workerAdded) {
    
                    t.start();
    
                    workerStarted = true;
    
                }
    
            }
    
        } finally {
    
            if (! workerStarted)
    
                addWorkerFailed(w);
    
        }
    
        return workerStarted;
    
    }

1.  获取当前线程池的状态，如果是STOP，TIDYING,TERMINATED状态的话，则会返回false。如果现在状态是SHUTDOWN，但是firstTask不为空或者workQueue为空的话，那么直接返回false。【防止core size为0，添加一个线程】
2.  通过自旋的方式，来添加一个ctl计数。
    
    1.  判断要添加的Worker是否是corePool，如果是的话，那么判断当前的workerCount是否大于corePoolsize，否则判断是否大于maximumPoolSize。
    2.  如果workerCount超出了线程池大小，直接返回false。
    3.  如果小于的话，那么判断是否成功将WorkerCount通过CAS操作增加1，如果增加成功的话。则break retry，进行到第3步。
    4.  否则判断当前线程池的状态，如果现在获取到的状态与进入自旋的状态不一致的话，那么则通过continue retry重新进行状态的判断。
3.  如果满足了的话，那么则创建一个新的Worker对象，然后获取线程池的重入锁后，判断当前线程池的状态，如果当前线程池状态为STOP,TIDYING,TERMINATED的话，那么调用decrementWorkerCount将workerCount减一，然后调用tryTerminate停止线程池，并且返回false。
4.  如果状态满足的话，那么则在workers中将新创建的worker添加，并且重新计算largestPoolSize，然后启动Worker中的线程开始执行任务。
5.  在finally中检查workerStarted，如果为false则走添加worker失败的逻辑。
    
    1.  加锁，判空。从工作线程集移除工作线程 ，然后工作线程数减-1。
    2.  检查是否线程池关闭，关闭则执行相关工作。

## 添加线程池**worker失败** ##

private void addWorkerFailed(Worker w) {
    
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    
    //加锁
    
        mainLock.lock();
    
        try {
    
    //判空
    
            if (w != null)
    
    //从工作线程集移除工作线程
    
                workers.remove(w);
    
    //然后工作线程数减-1
    
            decrementWorkerCount();
    
    //检查是否线程池关闭
    
            tryTerminate();
    
        } finally {
    
            mainLock.unlock();
    
        }
    
    }
    
    
    
    final void tryTerminate() {
    
     //自旋尝试关闭线程池 
    
        for (;;) {
    
            int c = ctl.get();
    
    //如果线程池正在运行，或正在关闭且队列不为空，则返回
    
            if (isRunning(c) ||
    
                runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
    
                (runStateOf(c) == SHUTDOWN && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
    
                return;
    
    //如果工作线程不为空，则中断空闲工作线程
    
            if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) { // Eligible to terminate
    
                interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
    
                return;
    
            }
    
    
    
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    
            mainLock.lock();
    
            try {
    
    //线程池已关闭，任务队列为空，工作线程为0，更新线程池状态为TIDYING
    
                if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0))) {
    
                    try {
    
      //执行结束工作  
    
                        terminated();
    
                    } finally {
    
    //线程池已结束  
    
                        ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
    
    //唤醒等待线程池结束的线程 
    
                        termination.signalAll();
    
                    }
    
                    return;
    
                }
    
            } finally {
    
                mainLock.unlock();
    
            }
    
            // else retry on failed CAS
    
        }
    
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    //如果onlyOne为true，只中断最多一个空闲工作线程
    
    private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
    
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    
            mainLock.lock();
    
            try {
    
    //遍历工作线程集 
    
                for (Worker w : workers) {
    
                    Thread t = w.thread;
    
                    if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {//锁打开说明，工作线程空闲
    
                        try {
    
    //如果工作线程非中断，且空闲，尝试获取锁，获取锁成功，则中断工作线程 
    
                            t.interrupt();
    
                        } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
    
                        } finally {
    
                            w.unlock();
    
                        }
    
                    }
    
    //如果是只中断一个空闲线程，则结束本次中断空闲线程任务
    
                    if (onlyOne)
    
                        break;
    
                }
    
            } finally {
    
                mainLock.unlock();
    
            }
    
        }

## 线程池执行任务 ##

调用时机：addWorker里面会调用work.start，work.start即work.run被调用，runWorker被work.run调用，所以worker开始工作了。

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread(); //当前线程
    
        Runnable task = w.firstTask; //工作线程任务 
    
        w.firstTask = null;
    
     //任务线程的锁状态默认为-1，此时解锁+1，变为0，即锁打开状态，允许中断，在任务未执行之前，不允许中断。  
    
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    
        try {
    
    //如果任务不为null，即创建工作线程成功，并执行任务，如果为null（即在线程池执行任务的时候，创建工作线程失败，任务入队列），从任务队列取一个任务。
    
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
    
                w.lock();
    
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
    
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
    
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
    
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
    
    //如果线程池正在Stop，则确保线程中断；  
    
    //如果非处于Stop之后的状态，则判断是否中断，如果中断则判断线程池是否已关闭
    
    //如果线程池正在关闭，但没有中断，则中断线程池  
    
    
    
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
    
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
    
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
    
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
    
                    wt.interrupt();
    
                try {
    
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
    
                    Throwable thrown = null;
    
                    try {
    
    //执行任务
    
                        task.run();
    
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
    
                        thrown = x; throw x;
    
                    } catch (Error x) {
    
                        thrown = x; throw x;
    
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
    
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
    
                    } finally {
    
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
    
                    }
    
                } finally {
    
    //任务线程完成任务数量加1，释放锁 
    
                    task = null;
    
                    w.completedTasks++;
    
                    w.unlock();
    
                }
    
            }
    
    //任务已执行完不可以中断
    
            completedAbruptly = false;
    
        } finally {
    
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    
        }
    
    }

有两个关键点：取队列的任务逻辑、所有任务都执行完毕的处理逻辑。

### 取队列的任务逻辑 ###

private Runnable getTask() {
    
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
    
    
    
        for (;;) {
    
            int c = ctl.get();
    
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
    
    
    
            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
    
    //如果线程池处于STOP状态，或者SHUTDOWN且等待队列为空，则工作线程数-1
    
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
    
                decrementWorkerCount();
    
                return null;
    
            }
    
    
    
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
    
    
    
            // Are workers subject to culling?
    
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
    
    
    
    //同时满足下面条件，则工作线程数-1
    
    //1. 线程数大于最大线程数 或者 有时间限制且超时。
    
    //2. 线程数大于1 或者 等待队列为空
    
            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
    
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
    
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
    
                    return null;
    
    //减少工作线程数量失败
    
                continue;
    
            }
    
    
    
            try {
    
     //如果非超时则直接take，否则等待keepAliveTime时间，poll任务
    
                Runnable r = timed ?
    
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
    
                    workQueue.take();
    
                if (r != null)
    
                    return r;
    
                timedOut = true;
    
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
    
                timedOut = false;
    
            }
    
        }
    
    }

### 所有任务都执行完毕的处理逻辑 ###

private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
    
    //如果是被突然中断的，需要对线程数-1。正常结束的，都已经在gettask中-1了。
    
        if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
    
            decrementWorkerCount();
    
    
    
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    
        mainLock.lock();
    
        try {
    
    //汇总各个worker完成的任务
    
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
    
    //从工作线程集移除工作线程
    
            workers.remove(w);
    
        } finally {
    
            mainLock.unlock();
    
        }
    
    
    
       //检查是否线程池关闭
    
        tryTerminate();
    
    
    
        int c = ctl.get();
    
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
    
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
    
    //设置最小线程数
    
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
    
    //如果等待队列不为空，则min设置为1
    
                if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
    
                    min = 1;
    
    //检查现有线程数是否大于需要的线程数。
    
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
    
                    return; // replacement not needed
    
            }
    
    //添加线程
    
            addWorker(null, false);
    
        }
    
    }

### 小结 ###

这章节所有的函数调用关系，如下图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dTWVcxMjY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

函数调用关系，也可以当做思维导图来记忆~

# 线程池关闭 #

## shutdown ##

/** 
         * Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted 
         * tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. 
         * Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down. 
         * 
         先前提交的任务将会被工作线程执行，新的线程将会被拒绝。这个方法 
         不会等待提交的任务执行完，我们可以用awaitTermination来等待任务执行完。 
         * <p>This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to 
         * complete execution.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} 
         * to do that. 
         * 
         * @throws SecurityException {@inheritDoc} 
         */  
        public void shutdown() {  
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;  
            mainLock.lock();  
            try {  
            //检查线程访问权限  
                checkShutdownAccess();  
            //更新线程池状态为SHUTDOWN  
                advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);  
            //中断空闲工作线程  
                interruptIdleWorkers();  
            //线程池关闭hook  
                onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor  
            } finally {  
                mainLock.unlock();  
            }  
            tryTerminate();  
        }  
    
    
    
    
    private void checkShutdownAccess() {  
           SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();  
           if (security != null) {  
               security.checkPermission(shutdownPerm);  
               final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;  
               mainLock.lock();  
               try {  
                   for (Worker w : workers)  
            //遍历工作线程集，检查任务线程访问权限  
                       security.checkAccess(w.thread);  
               } finally {  
                   mainLock.unlock();  
               }  
           }  
       }
    
    
    
    private void advanceRunState(int targetState) {  
           for (;;) {  
               int c = ctl.get();  
               if (runStateAtLeast(c, targetState) ||  
                   ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(targetState, workerCountOf(c))))  
                   break;  
           }  
       }  
    
    
    private void interruptIdleWorkers() {  
            interruptIdleWorkers(false);  
        }  
    
    private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {  
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;  
            mainLock.lock();  
            try {  
                for (Worker w : workers) {  
                //遍历工作线程集  
                    Thread t = w.thread;  
                    if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {//锁打开说明，工作线程空闲  
                        try {  
                    //如果工作线程非中断，且空闲，尝试获取锁，获取锁成功，则中断工作线程  
                            t.interrupt();  
                        } catch (SecurityException ignore) {  
                        } finally {  
                            w.unlock();  
                        }  
                    }  
                    if (onlyOne)  
                //如果是只中断一个空闲线程，则结束本次中断空闲线程任务  
                        break;  
                }  
            } finally {  
                mainLock.unlock();  
            }  
        }

## shutdownNow ##

/** 
         * Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the 
         * processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks 
         * that were awaiting execution. These tasks are drained (removed) 
         * from the task queue upon return from this method. 
         * 
         尝试停止正在执行的任务，停止等待任务线程的处理，任务队列将会被排空， 
         并返回任务队列中的任务集。 
         这个方法不会等待已执行的任务结束，我们用awaitTermination来等待任务执行完 
         * <p>This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to 
         * terminate.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to 
         * do that. 
         * 
         * <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop 
         * processing actively executing tasks.  This implementation 
         * cancels tasks via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any task that 
         * fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate. 
         * 
         * @throws SecurityException {@inheritDoc} 
         */  
        public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {  
            List<Runnable> tasks;  
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;  
            mainLock.lock();  
            try {  
            //检查工作线程权限  
                checkShutdownAccess();  
            //更新线程池状态为STOP  
                advanceRunState(STOP);  
            //中断空闲工作线程  
                interruptWorkers();  
                //清空任务队列，并放到tasks集合中  
                tasks = drainQueue();  
            } finally {  
                mainLock.unlock();  
            }  
        //尝试结束线程池  
            tryTerminate();  
            return tasks;  
        }  
    
    
    /** 
         * Drains the task queue into a new list, normally using 
         * drainTo. But if the queue is a DelayQueue or any other kind of 
         * queue for which poll or drainTo may fail to remove some 
         * elements, it deletes them one by one. 
         */  
        private List<Runnable> drainQueue() {  
            //这个方法很简单，不再说了  
            BlockingQueue<Runnable> q = workQueue;  
            List<Runnable> taskList = new ArrayList<Runnable>();  
            q.drainTo(taskList);  
            if (!q.isEmpty()) {  
                for (Runnable r : q.toArray(new Runnable[0])) {  
                    if (q.remove(r))  
                        taskList.add(r);  
                }  
            }  
            return taskList;  
        }

立即关闭线程与关闭线程池的不同是，对于关闭线程池，先前提交的任务将会被工作线程执行，新的线程将会被拒绝；而立即关闭线程，尝试停止正在执行的任务，停止等待任务线程的处理，任务队列将会被排空，并返回任务队列中的任务集。这两个方法都不会等待任务执行完或任务结束。

## awaitTermination ##

当前线程阻塞，直到

1. 等所有已提交的任务（包括正在跑的和队列中等待的）执行完  
2. 或者等超时时间到  
3. 或者线程被中断，抛出InterruptedException

然后返回true（shutdown请求后所有任务执行完毕）或false（已超时）

public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)  
            throws InterruptedException {  
            long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);  
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;  
            mainLock.lock();  
            try {  
            //自旋等待线程线程结束条件  
                for (;;) {  
                    if (runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), TERMINATED))  
                        return true;  
                    if (nanos <= 0)  
                        return false;  
                    nanos = termination.awaitNanos(nanos);  
                }  
            } finally {  
                mainLock.unlock();  
            }  
        }

## 小结 ##

shutdownNow()能立即停止线程池，正在跑的和正在等待的任务都停下了。这样做立即生效，但是风险也比较大；  
shutdown()只是关闭了提交通道，用submit()是无效的；而内部该怎么跑还是怎么跑，跑完再停。  
shutdown()后，不能再提交新的任务进去；但是awaitTermination()后，可以继续提交。  
awaitTermination()是阻塞的，返回结果是线程池是否已停止（true/false）；shutdown()不阻塞。

参考资料：  
网络资料  
备注：  
转载请注明出处：[https://blog.csdn.net/WSYW126/article/details/105206243][https_blog.csdn.net_WSYW126_article_details_105206243]  
作者：WSYW126

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