linux下，源码的安装之 ./configure --prefix --with解释

左手的ㄟ右手 2023-07-18 09:58 23阅读 0赞

### linux下，源码的安装之 ./configure --prefix --with解释 ###

**linux下，源码的安装一般由3个步骤组成：配置（configure）、编译（make）、安装（make install）。**

过程中用到

./configure --prefix  --with；其中--prefix指的是安装路径，--with指的是安装本文件所依赖的库文件

> with：指定依赖  
> \--with-依赖包名称=依赖包目录
> 
> \--with-apxs 是指定 apache 的配置程序路径，php编译程序会通过这个程序查找apache的相关路径
> 
> \--with-libxml-dir 指向的是 libxml 的库路径
> 
> \--with-gd 指静态编译gd库
> 
> \--with-png-dir 指定 libpng 的路径

综上所述，带着-dir的一般是用于指定库文件路径，没有的话可能是启用某些特性或者指向某特定路径。

\-----------

> 安装httpd时，进行指定安装，用到./configure --prefix
> 
> 具体解释：.表示当前目录。/是目录分隔符。合起来就是当前目录下指定安装路径。

**如果不指定prefix，则可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc。其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。**

你要卸载这个程序，要么在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall（前提是make文件指定过uninstall）,要么去上述目录里面把相关的文件一个个手工删掉。  
指定prefix，直接删掉一个文件夹就够了。

（把安装路径配置为根目录。你接下来运行make和make install后，就可以在根目录下找到所安装的文件。）

备注：

> ./configure的作用是检测系统配置，生成makefile文件，以便你可以用make和make install来编译和安装程序。
> 
> ./configure是[源代码][Link 1]安装的第一步，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系，但并不是所有的tar包都是[源代码][Link 1]的包，
> 
> 你先ls，看有没有configure或者makefile文件。  
> 如果有configure，就./configure，有很多参数，看楼下的吧。如果系统环境合适，就会生成makefile，否则会报错。  
> 如果有makefile，就直接make，然后make install。
> 
> 你还可以用rpm或者deb包来安装。而且现在的发行版都有自己的包管理器，比如apt或yum，一个命令就可以从源下载软件，还可以自动解决依赖问题。

configure详细命令参数：

> $ ./configure -h  
> \`configure' configures python 3.7 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
> 
> Usage: ./configure \[OPTION\]... \[VAR=VALUE\]...
> 
> To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as  
> VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
> 
> Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
> 
> Configuration:  
>   -h, --help              display this help and exit  
>       --help=short        display options specific to this package  
>       --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages  
>   -V, --version           display version information and exit  
>   -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print \`checking ...' messages  
>       --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE \[disabled\]  
>   -C, --config-cache      alias for \`--cache-file=config.cache'  
>   -n, --no-create         do not create output files  
>       --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR \[configure dir or \`..'\]
> 
> Installation directories:  
>   --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX  
>                           \[/usr/local\]  
>   --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX  
>                           \[PREFIX\]
> 
> By default, \`make install' will install all the files in  
> \`/usr/local/bin', \`/usr/local/lib' etc.  You can specify  
> an installation prefix other than \`/usr/local' using \`--prefix',  
> for instance \`--prefix=$HOME'.
> 
> For better control, use the options below.
> 
> Fine tuning of the installation directories:  
>   --bindir=DIR            user executables \[EPREFIX/bin\]  
>   --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables \[EPREFIX/sbin\]  
>   --libexecdir=DIR        program executables \[EPREFIX/libexec\]  
>   --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data \[PREFIX/etc\]  
>   --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data \[PREFIX/com\]  
>   --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data \[PREFIX/var\]  
>   --libdir=DIR            object code libraries \[EPREFIX/lib\]  
>   --includedir=DIR        C header files \[PREFIX/include\]  
>   --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc \[/usr/include\]  
>   --datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root \[PREFIX/share\]  
>   --datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data \[DATAROOTDIR\]  
>   --infodir=DIR           info documentation \[DATAROOTDIR/info\]  
>   --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data \[DATAROOTDIR/locale\]  
>   --mandir=DIR            man documentation \[DATAROOTDIR/man\]  
>   --docdir=DIR            documentation root \[DATAROOTDIR/doc/python\]  
>   --htmldir=DIR           html documentation \[DOCDIR\]  
>   --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation \[DOCDIR\]  
>   --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation \[DOCDIR\]  
>   --psdir=DIR             ps documentation \[DOCDIR\]
> 
> System types:  
>   --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD \[guessed\]  
>   --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST \[BUILD\]
> 
> Optional Features:  
>   --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options  
>   --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)  
>   --enable-FEATURE\[=ARG\]  include FEATURE \[ARG=yes\]  
>   --enable-universalsdk\[=SDKDIR\]  
>                           Build fat binary against Mac OS X SDK  
>   --enable-framework\[=INSTALLDIR\]  
>                           Build (MacOSX|Darwin) framework  
>   --enable-shared         disable/enable building shared python library  
>   --enable-profiling      enable C-level code profiling  
>   --enable-optimizations  Enable expensive, stable optimizations (PGO, etc).  
>                           Disabled by default.  
>   --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions  
>                           support loadable extensions in \_sqlite module  
>   --enable-ipv6           Enable ipv6 (with ipv4) support  
>   --disable-ipv6          Disable ipv6 support  
>   --enable-big-digits\[=BITS\]  
>                           use big digits for Python longs \[\[BITS=30\]\]
> 
> Optional Packages:  
>   --with-PACKAGE\[=ARG\]    use PACKAGE \[ARG=yes\]  
>   --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)  
>   --with-universal-archs=ARCH  
>                           select architectures for universal build ("32-bit",  
>                           "64-bit", "3-way", "intel", "intel-32", "intel-64",  
>                           or "all")  
>   --with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK  
>                           specify an alternate name of the framework built  
>                           with --enable-framework  
>   --without-gcc           never use gcc  
>   --with-icc              build with icc  
>   --with-cxx-main=<compiler>  
>                           compile main() and link python executable with C++  
>                           compiler  
>   --with-suffix=.exe      set executable suffix  
>   --with-pydebug          build with Py\_DEBUG defined  
>   --with-assertions       build with C assertions enabled  
>   --with-lto              Enable Link Time Optimization in any build. Disabled  
>                           by default.  
>   --with-hash-algorithm=\[fnv|siphash24\]  
>                           select hash algorithm  
>   --with-address-sanitizer  
>                           enable AddressSanitizer (asan)  
>   --with-memory-sanitizer enable MemorySanitizer (msan)  
>   --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer  
>                           enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (ubsan)  
>   --with-libs='lib1 ...'  link against additional libs  
>   --with-system-expat     build pyexpat module using an installed expat  
>                           library  
>   --with-system-ffi       build \_ctypes module using an installed ffi library  
>   --with-system-libmpdec  build \_decimal module using an installed libmpdec  
>                           library  
>   --with-decimal-contextvar  
>                           build \_decimal module using a coroutine-local rather  
>                           than a thread-local context (default is yes)  
>   --with-tcltk-includes='-I...'  
>                           override search for Tcl and Tk include files  
>   --with-tcltk-libs='-L...'  
>                           override search for Tcl and Tk libs  
>   --with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:...  
>                           order to check db backends for dbm. Valid value is a  
>                           colon separated string with the backend names  
>                           \`ndbm', \`gdbm' and \`bdb'.  
>   --with(out)-doc-strings disable/enable documentation strings  
>   --with(out)-pymalloc    disable/enable specialized mallocs  
>   --with(out)-c-locale-coercion  
>                           disable/enable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based  
>                           locale  
>   --with-valgrind         Enable Valgrind support  
>   --with(out)-dtrace      disable/enable DTrace support  
>   --with-libm=STRING      math library  
>   --with-libc=STRING      C library  
>   --with(out)-computed-gotos  
>                           Use computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by  
>                           default on supported compilers)  
>   --with(out)-ensurepip=\[=upgrade\]  
>                           "install" or "upgrade" using bundled pip  
>   --with-openssl=DIR      root of the OpenSSL directory  
>   --with-ssl-default-suites=\[python|openssl|STRING\]  
>                           Override default cipher suites string, python: use  
>                           Python's preferred selection (default), openssl:  
>                           leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched, STRING: use a  
>                           custom string, PROTOCOL\_SSLv2 ignores the setting
> 
> Some influential environment variables:  
>   MACHDEP     name for machine-dependent library files  
>   CC          C compiler command  
>   CFLAGS      C compiler flags  
>   LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a  
>               nonstandard directory <lib dir>  
>   LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>  
>   CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if  
>               you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>  
>   CPP         C preprocessor  
>   PKG\_CONFIG  path to pkg-config utility  
>   PKG\_CONFIG\_PATH  
>               directories to add to pkg-config's search path  
>   PKG\_CONFIG\_LIBDIR  
>               path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
> 
> Use these variables to override the choices made by \`configure' or to help  
> it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

[Link 1]: https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y3PHmsPH0duHI9PyndmHcv0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6K1TL0qnfK1TL0z5HD0IgF_5y9YIZ0lQzqlpA-bmyt8mh7GuZR8mvqVQL7dugPYpyq8Q1DLnjfYP1nzP6