Python 实现写日志文件

骑猪看日落 2023-07-16 02:32 18阅读 0赞

【例】/root/testpmpy/bin/recordLog.py的作用是记录日志，记录的日志会存放在/root/testpmpy/log下。最新的日志名称为iamrecord.log，之后每次运行都会将上一个iamrecord.log加上时间戳后缀。recordLog.py内容如下

注:举例仅描述功能，单独使用没有实际意义，可以作为函数嵌入到其它脚本。

import sys, os, time, shutil
    import datetime as pydate
    
    root_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)).split('bin')[0]
    logfile = None
    currentlog = None
    
    def startLog():
        global logfile, currentlog
        try:
            logdir = root_dir + os.sep + 'log'
            if not os.path.exists(logdir):
                os.makedirs(logdir)
            currentlog = logdir + os.sep + "iamrecord" + ".log"
    
            if(os.path.isfile(currentlog)):
                logtime = pydate.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S")
                historylog = currentlog + "." + logtime
                #将上一个iamrecord复制为加上时间戳的iamrecord.log.yyyy-mm-dd_HH.MM.SS
                shutil.copyfile(currentlog, historylog)
    
            logfile = open(currentlog, 'w')
    
        except Exception as e:
            print(str(e))
    
        writeLog("Start to log:")
        print("Start to log:")
    
    def stopLog():
        global logfile
        try:
            time.sleep(0.1)
            writeLog("Finish the log.")
            logfile.close()
            print("Finish the log.")
    
        except Exception as e:
            print(str(e))
    
    def writeLog(str):
        global logfile
        timeStamp = pydate.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H.%M.%S.%f")
        logfile.write(timeStamp + "\t" + str + "\n")
        logfile.flush()
    
    def test_today():
        #只写日志、不输出到屏幕上
        writeLog("Today is Tuesday.")
        writeLog("Today is a sunny day.")
    
    def test_cpfile(src_file,tgt_file):
    
        if(os.path.exists(src_file)):
            msg = "Copy file from '" + src_file + "' to '" + tgt_file + "'."
            #写日志、同时也印到屏幕上
            print(msg)
            writeLog(msg)
            shutil.copyfile(src_file, tgt_file)
        else:
            msg = src_file + " not existed."
            print(msg)
            writeLog(msg)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    
        startLog()
        test_today()
        test_cpfile('/root/testpmpy/user_op_log.1','/tmp/tmplog')
        stopLog()

说明：  
line4，os.path.abspath(\_\_file\_\_) -> 获取当前脚本的完整路径，recordLog.py所在的路径是/bin/, 紧接着.split('bin')\[0\] -> 以"bin"为分隔符，得到路径/root/testpmpy  
line10 ，os.path.exists()判断括号中的文件是否存在

执行recordLog.py输出如下，注意 test\_today() 和 test\_cpfile() 的差别 -> 打印到屏幕和写入日志文件：

[root@xxx bin]# python3 recordLog.py
    Start to log:
    Copy file from '/root/testpmpy/user_op_log.1' to '/tmp/tmplog'.
    Finish the log.
    [root@xxx bin]# cd ../log/
    [root@xxx log]# ls -l
    total 16
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 269 Mar 17 17:51 iamrecord.log
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 269 Mar 17 17:42 iamrecord.log.2020-03-17_17.42.38
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 269 Mar 17 17:47 iamrecord.log.2020-03-17_17.47.18
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   0 Mar 17 17:49 iamrecord.log.2020-03-17_17.49.47
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 269 Mar 17 17:51 iamrecord.log.2020-03-17_17.51.43
    [root@xxx log]# cat iamrecord.log
    2020-03-17 17.51.43.927020      Start to log:
    2020-03-17 17.51.43.927112      Today is Tuesday.
    2020-03-17 17.51.43.927161      Today is a sunny day.
    2020-03-17 17.51.43.927233      Copy file from '/root/testpmpy/user_op_log.1' to '/tmp/tmplog'.
    2020-03-17 17.51.44.027720      Finish the log.
    [root@xxx log]#