VirtualBox安装CentOS7及网络配置

清疚 2023-07-15 15:20 79阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、环境说明

二、VirtualBox配置步骤

三、CentOS系统安装

四、安装完成

五、ssh访问CentOS

--------------------

## 一、环境说明 ##

1、VirtualBox：6.1.4 r136177 (Qt5.6.2)

2、CentOS：7

## 二、VirtualBox配置步骤 ##

1、安装完成VirtualBox后，在首界面点新建；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

2、自定义命名并选择系统类型Linux，版本可以选择RedHat；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3、点击下一步配置内存，并选择创建虚拟硬盘，点击创建，虚拟硬盘文件类型选择VDI，物理硬盘这里点动态分配，文件位置默认，这里修改了下路径磁盘，最后点创建；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

3、创建完成后回到主界面，点启动后会自动弹出选择启动盘，这里镜像文件选择本地已经下载好的iso文件，然后点启动；

![20200317163408884.png][]

## 三、CentOS系统安装 ##

1、启动后点击屏幕选择Install CentOS 7，如果切换鼠标所在界面，点右侧的CTRL即可。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

2、弹出安装界面，首先选择语言，这里选择英文，然后点Continue；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

3、安装界面下滑到底部点NETWORK & HOST NAME配置网络，在下一个界面点右侧上方的开关，自动配置网络，然后点DONE；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

4、回到安装界面点下Begin Installation，如果还是灰色的，点Installation Destination再点下Done；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

5、在这个界面可以配置下ROOT及普通用户，这里只配置ROOT用户，设置密码后点击Done即可，默认用户名是root，

之后等待安装完成点reboot重启就可以了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

## 四、安装完成 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

## 五、ssh访问CentOS ##

1、设置里选择网络，点高级->端口转发

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

在该界面点增加配置ssh

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

centos服务端测试：

\#ssh localhost

windows端测试：

$ ssh -p 8022 root@127.0.0.1

2、如果想分配给虚拟机IP地址，需要在1的基础上再配置如下（只配置仅主机（Host-Only）网络不能访问外网）

配置仅主机（Host-Only）网络

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hseXJo_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

重启后可以查到IP地址为192.168.56.101

[root@10 ~]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 08:00:27:c3:b8:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.56.101/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3
           valid_lft 512sec preferred_lft 512sec
        inet6 fe80::7cca:2880:2321:b63e/64 scope link noprefixroute
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 08:00:27:44:44:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s8
           valid_lft 86041sec preferred_lft 86041sec
        inet6 fe80::755f:f1ce:55e4:f16b/64 scope link noprefixroute
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Windows端可直接远程：$ ssh 192.168.56.101

$ ssh root@192.168.56.101
    The authenticity of host '192.168.56.101 (192.168.56.101)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:an6dBJKJUrJLFLeATtI1znV7fNE0/YrBXTRrP9939dU.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
    Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.101' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
    root@192.168.56.101's password:
    Last login: Tue Mar 17 15:25:13 2020
    [root@10 ~]#

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