非Root权限下gcc(g++)的安装【Centos】

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2023-07-15 07:00 17阅读 0赞

### 有些时候，实验或者项目需要特定的gcc（g++）版本，但是并没有必要将全部的环境都变为该特定的版本，且网上很多的gcc的更新教程都需要root权限，本文旨在给出非root权限下的gcc安装。 ###

#### 1 通过[链接][Link 1]下载不同版本的gcc（需要的版本） ####

![网页截图][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzUwNDYx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzUwNDYx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

#### 2 解压下载的压缩包（这个压缩包其实是个安装包） ####

tar -xjvf gcc-5.3.0.tar.bz2   # 解压 tar.bz2
    ---------或者--------
    tar zxvf gcc-5.3.0.tar.bz   #解压tar.bz

#### 3 进入解压后的文件夹，执行以下命令 ####

[home gcc-5.3.0] ./contrib/download_prerequisites  # 执行下载gcc依赖包命令（需要科学联网下载）

#### 4 上步执行完后用 ls 命令可以发现以下的文件列表 ####

![文件列表图][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzUwNDYx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

#### 5 用以下命令，查看并拷贝建立软链接的代码 ####

[home gcc-5.3.0] cat contrib/download_prerequisites

#### 你会看到 ####

#! /bin/sh
    
    # Download some prerequisites needed by gcc.
    # Run this from the top level of the gcc source tree and the gcc
    # build will do the right thing.
    #
    # (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation
    #
    # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    # (at your option) any later version.
    # 
    # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
    # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
    # General Public License for more details.
    # 
    # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    # along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
    
    # If you want to disable Graphite loop optimizations while building GCC,
    # DO NOT set GRAPHITE_LOOP_OPT as yes so that the ISL package will not
    # be downloaded.
    GRAPHITE_LOOP_OPT=yes
    
    if [ ! -e gcc/BASE-VER ] ; then
    	echo "You must run this script in the top level GCC source directory."
    	exit 1
    fi
    
    # Necessary to build GCC.
    MPFR=mpfr-2.4.2
    GMP=gmp-4.3.2
    MPC=mpc-0.8.1
    
    wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/$MPFR.tar.bz2 || exit 1
    tar xjf $MPFR.tar.bz2 || exit 1
    ln -sf $MPFR mpfr || exit 1
    
    wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/$GMP.tar.bz2 || exit 1
    tar xjf $GMP.tar.bz2  || exit 1
    ln -sf $GMP gmp || exit 1
    
    wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/$MPC.tar.gz || exit 1
    tar xzf $MPC.tar.gz || exit 1
    ln -sf $MPC mpc || exit 1
    
    # Necessary to build GCC with the Graphite loop optimizations.
    if [ "$GRAPHITE_LOOP_OPT" = "yes" ] ; then
      ISL=isl-0.14
    
      wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/$ISL.tar.bz2 || exit 1
      tar xjf $ISL.tar.bz2  || exit 1
      ln -sf $ISL isl || exit 1
    fi

#### 6 编译GCC（用系统的GCC编译自己的GCC）\{依旧在GCC安装包的根目录\} ####

[home gcc-5.3.0] mkdir objdir
    [home gcc-5.3.0] cd objdir
    [home gcc-5.3.0] ../configure --disable-checking --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib --prefix=/path/to/install/gcc-5.3 --enable-threads=posix
    [home gcc-5.3.0] make -j64    # 多线程编译，否则很慢很慢很慢，能多开就多开几个线程
    [home gcc-5.3.0] make install

##### 【注：/path/to/install/gcc-5.3 为我们install后存的gcc的目录】 #####

#### 7 为当前用户配置环境变量 ####

##### 7.1 切换到当前用户的目录，然后运行命令 #####

[home user1] vi ~/.bashrc # 打开~/.bashrc文件

##### 7.2 在末尾加入下面的代码 #####

export PATH=/path/to/install/gcc-5.3/bin:/path/to/install/gcc-5.3/lib64:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/install/gcc-5.3/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

##### 7.3 激活环境变量 #####

[home user1] source ~/.bashrc

##### 7.4 测试版本 #####

[home user1] gcc -v

![结果图][20200315210455267.png]  
参考（略有改动）：[知乎][Link 2]

[Link 1]: http://www.netgull.com/gcc/releases/
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzUwNDYx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20230528/f8a911964ab04768a4058422436655ae.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzUwNDYx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20230528/a33c510a5f47458dadab935ec09002ea.png
[20200315210455267.png]: /images/20230528/07050305d1904de49e35fb7a58679a70.png
[Link 2]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/110905480?from_voters_page=true