客户端负载均衡、中间件对比

落日映苍穹つ 2023-07-14 15:55 1阅读 0赞

**一、目前用最多的项目**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>作用</th> 
   <th>用得最多</th> 
   <th>成功的替代项目</th> 
   <th>正在推进替代项目</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>服务发现</td> 
   <td>Eureka</td> 
   <td>Consul、Zookeeper</td> 
   <td>Alibaba Nacos</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>负载均衡器</td> 
   <td>Ribbon、Nginx、SLB、F5 、A10</td> 
   <td>SOFARPC</td> 
   <td>zuul、feign、eureka也能实现负载均衡策略、其中核心算法Ribbon</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>断路器</td> 
   <td>Hystrix</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>Resilience4j、Alibaba Sentinel</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>声明式HTTP客户端</td> 
   <td>Feign</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>Retrofit</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>API网关</td> 
   <td>Netflix Zuul</td> 
   <td>Gateway</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>配置管理</td> 
   <td>Spring Cloud Config</td> 
   <td>Consul、Zookeeper</td> 
   <td>Alibaba Nacos</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**二、Ribbon**

Ribbon的优缺点：

1、是一个基于 HTTP 和 TCP 的客户端负载均衡工具。
    2、内置的负载均衡算法。
    3、实现负载均衡，从一个服务的多台机器中选择一台。
    4、容错能力，异步和响应模型中的多种协议（HTTP，TCP，UDP）支持，缓存和批处理。

**三、Ribbon案例**

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.ribbon</groupId>
        <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.ribbon</groupId>
        <artifactId>ribbon-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.ribbon</groupId>
        <artifactId>ribbon-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.reactivex</groupId>
        <artifactId>rxjava</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.10</version>
    </dependency>

public class RibbonConfiguration { 
     
        @Autowired
        IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig;
     
        @Bean
        public IPing ribbonPing(IClientConfig config) { 
            return new PingUrl();
        }
     
        @Bean
        public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config) { 
            return new WeightedResponseTimeRule();
        }
    }

spring:
      application:
        name: spring-cloud-ribbon
     
    server:
      port: 8888
     
    ping-server:
      ribbon:
        eureka:
          enabled: false
        listOfServers: localhost:9092,localhost:9999
        ServerListRefreshInterval: 15000

@SpringBootApplication
    @RestController
    @RibbonClient(
      name = "ping-a-server",
      configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
    public class ServerLocationApp { 
        
        //@ LoadBalanced注册表明，这个restRemplate是负载均衡的
        @LoadBalanced
        @Bean
        RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { 
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
     
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
     
        @RequestMapping("/server-location")
        public String serverLocation() { 
            return this.restTemplate.getForObject(
              "http://ping-server/locaus", String.class);
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(ServerLocationApp.class, args);
        }
    }

// 服务列表
    List<Server> serverList = Lists.newArrayList(new Server("localhost", 8081), new Server("localhost", 8083));
    // 构建负载实例
    ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = LoadBalancerBuilder.newBuilder().buildFixedServerListLoadBalancer(serverList);
    // 调用 5 次来测试效果
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 
        String result = LoadBalancerCommand.<String>builder().withLoadBalancer(loadBalancer).build()
                .submit(new ServerOperation<String>() { 
                    public Observable<String> call(Server server) { 
                        try { 
                            String addr = "http://" + server.getHost() + ":" + server.getPort() + "/user/hello";
                            System.out.println(" 调用地址：" + addr);
                            URL url = new URL(addr);
                            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                            conn.connect();
                            InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
                            byte[] data = new byte[in.available()];
                            in.read(data);
                            return Observable.just(new String(data));
                        } catch (Exception e) { 
                            return Observable.error(e);
                        }
                    }
                }).toBlocking().first();
        System.out.println(" 调用结果：" + result);
    }

**四、消息中间件对比**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th>数据可靠性</th> 
   <th>延迟</th> 
   <th>单机吞吐</th> 
   <th>社区</th> 
   <th>客户端</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ActiveMQ</td> 
   <td>中</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>万级</td> 
   <td>不太活跃</td> 
   <td>支持全面</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>RabbitMQ</td> 
   <td>高</td> 
   <td>微秒级</td> 
   <td>万级</td> 
   <td>活跃</td> 
   <td>支持全面</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Kafka</td> 
   <td>高</td> 
   <td>毫秒级</td> 
   <td>十万</td> 
   <td>活跃</td> 
   <td>支持全面</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>RocketMQ</td> 
   <td>高</td> 
   <td>毫秒级</td> 
   <td>十万</td> 
   <td>有待加强</td> 
   <td>待加强</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>