npm安装教程

你的名字 2023-07-13 12:15 5阅读 0赞

一、使用之前，我们先来掌握3个东西是用来干什么的。  
npm: Nodejs下的包管理器。  
webpack: 它主要的用途是通过CommonJS的语法把所有浏览器端需要发布的静态资源做相应的准备，比如资源的合并和打包。  
vue-cli: 用户生成Vue工程模板。（帮你快速开始一个vue的项目，也就是给你一套vue的结构，包含基础的依赖库，只需要 npm install就可以安装）  
开始：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

如图，下载8.9.3 LTS （推荐给绝大部分用户使用）  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224343959.png]  
双击安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
可以使用默认路径，本例子中自行修改为d:\\nodejs  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
一路点Next  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
点Finish完成  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
打开CMD，检查是否正常  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224458431.png]  
再看看另外2个目录，npm的本地仓库跑在系统盘c盘的用户目录了(没见到npm-cache是因为没有用过，一使用缓存目录就生成了)，我们试图把这2个目录移动回到D:\\nodejs  
先如下图建立2个目录  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
然后运行以下2条命令  
npm config set prefix “D:\\nodejs\\node\_global”  
npm config set cache “D:\\nodejs\\node\_cache”  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224512881.png]  
如上图，我们再来关注一下npm的本地仓库，输入命令npm list -global  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224519791.png]  
输入命令npm config set registry=http://registry.npm.taobao.org 配置镜像站  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

输入命令npm config list 显示所有配置信息，我们关注一个配置文件  
C:\\Users\\Administrator.npmrc  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224535226.png]  
使用文本编辑器编辑它，可以看到刚才的配置信息  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224545404.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224553498.png]  
检查一下镜像站行不行命令1  
npm config get registry  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224559924.png]  
检查一下镜像站行不行命令2  
Npm info vue 看看能否获得vue的信息  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
注意，此时，默认的模块D:\\nodejs\\node\_modules 目录  
将会改变为D:\\nodejs\\node\_global\\node\_modules 目录，  
如果直接运行npm install等命令会报错的。  
我们需要做1件事情：  
1、增加环境变量NODE\_PATH 内容是：D:\\nodejs\\node\_global\\node\_modules  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224622117.png]  
（注意，一下操作需要重新打开CMD让上面的环境变量生效）  
一、测试NPM安装vue.js  
命令：npm install vue -g  
这里的-g是指安装到global全局目录去  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
二、测试NPM安装vue-router  
命令：npm install vue-router -g  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224640942.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224651437.png]  
运行npm install vue-cli -g安装vue脚手架  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224704351.png]  
编辑环境编辑path  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
对path环境变量添加D:\\nodejs\\node\_global  
win10以下版本的，横向显示PATH的，注意添加到最后时，不要有分号【;】  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
重新打开CMD，并且测试vue是否使用正常  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224723458.png]  
注意，vue-cli工具是内置了模板包括 webpack 和 webpack-simple,前者是比较复杂专业的项目，  
他的配置并不全放在根目录下的 webpack.config.js 中。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
初始化，安装依赖  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224736186.png]  
运行npm install安装依赖  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224742266.png]  
npm run dev  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224747316.png]  
成功界面，提示打开地址http://localhost:8080

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

自动打开浏览器http://localhost:8080/\#/

![在这里插入图片描述][20200311224800646.png]  
npm run build  
生成静态文件，打开dist文件夹下新生成的index.html文件

nmp下新建出来的vue01的目录描述：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDkzMzUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

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