Android View的生命周期

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2023-07-13 03:59 6阅读 0赞

大家都知道Activity的生命周期，那view的生命周期呢？除了常见的onMeasure,onLayout,onDraw，这些和Activity中的onCreate、onStart、onResume的执行先后顺序是什么呢？  
View的生命周期从构造方法开始依次执行以下几个方法，该View的可见性为默认值时：

### 一、生命周期方法 ###

**（0）Constructors()**

View在代码中被创建时调用第一种构造方法，View从layout中加载出来时会被调用第二种构造方法，其中XML中的属性也会被解析。

**（1）onFinishInflate()**

该方法当View及其子View从XML文件中加载完成后触发调用。通常是在Activity中的onCreate方法调用后调用。

**（2）onAttachedToWindow()**

当View被附着到一个窗口时触发。在Activity第一次执行完onResume方法后被调用。  
**（3）onWindowVisibilityChanged()**

包含当前View的Window可见性改变时被调用。

**（4）onVisibilityChanged()**

该方法在当前View或其祖先的可见性改变时被调用。如果View状态不可见或者GONE，该方法会第一个被调用。

**（5）onMeasure()**

该方法确定View以及其子View尺寸大小时被调用。

**（6）onSizeChanged()**

该方法在Measure方法之后且测量大小与之前不一样的时候被调用。

**（7）onLayout()**

该方法在当前View需要为其子View分配尺寸和位置时会被调用。

**（8）onDraw(Canvas)**

该方法用于View渲染内容的细节。

**（9）onWindowFocusChanged()**

该方法也可能在绘制过程中被调用，具体是在包含当前View的Window获得或失去焦点时被调用。此时可以设置代码中定义的View的一些LayoutParameter。

如果View进入了销毁阶段，肯定是会被调用的。

**（10）onDetachedFromWindow()**

当View离开附着的窗口时触发，比如在Activity调用onDestroy方法时View就会离开窗口。和一开始的AttachedToWindow相对，都只会被调用一次。  
代码如下：

package com.example.testviewlifecycle;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.graphics.Canvas;
    import android.graphics.Color;
    import android.graphics.Paint;
    import android.graphics.Rect;
    import android.util.AttributeSet;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.View;
    
    public class CustomView extends View {
        
        private static final String TAG = "CustomView=-->";
        private Paint mPaint;
    
    
        public CustomView(Context context) {
        
            super(context);
            Log.d(TAG, "view Constructors 1");
        }
    
        public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        
            super(context, attrs);
            init();
            Log.d(TAG, "view Constructors 2");
        }
    
        public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        
            super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
            Log.d(TAG, "view Constructors 3");
        }
    
        private void init() {
        
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
            mPaint.setFlags(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
            mPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
            mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            mPaint.setTextSize(36);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onFinishInflate() {
        
            super.onFinishInflate();
            Log.d(TAG, "onFinishInflate");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onVisibilityChanged(View changedView, int visibility) {
        
            super.onVisibilityChanged(changedView, visibility);
            Log.d(TAG, "onVisibilityChanged");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onFocusChanged(boolean gainFocus, int direction, Rect previouslyFocusedRect) {
        
            super.onFocusChanged(gainFocus, direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
            Log.d(TAG, "onFocusChanged");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
        
            super.onAttachedToWindow();
            Log.d(TAG, "onAttachedToWindow");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
        
            super.onDetachedFromWindow();
            Log.d(TAG, "onDetachedFromWindow");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            Log.d(TAG, "onMeasure");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        
            super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
            Log.d(TAG, "onLayout");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            Log.d(TAG, "onDraw");
            canvas.drawText("view生命周期", 100, 400, mPaint);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        
            super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
            Log.d(TAG, "onSizeChanged");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasWindowFocus) {
        
            super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasWindowFocus);
            Log.d(TAG, "onWindowFocusChanged");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onWindowVisibilityChanged(int visibility) {
        
            super.onWindowVisibilityChanged(visibility);
            Log.d(TAG, "onWindowVisibilityChanged");
        }
    }

这里默认的customView是**visible**的，和Activity的生命周期结果如下  
**1）**、android:visibility=“visible”  
**创建过程**

2020-03-10 14:38:06.542 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 1
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.564 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: view Constructors 2
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.564 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onFinishInflate
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.566 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 2
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.569 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onStart
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.572 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onResume
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.589 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.590 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.590 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.590 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.593 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.594 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.606 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.606 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.606 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onSizeChanged
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.606 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onLayout
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.608 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onDraw
    2020-03-10 14:38:06.621 7961-7961/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged

**销毁过程**

2020-03-10 14:41:24.684 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onPause
    2020-03-10 14:41:24.694 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.237 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.252 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onStop
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.255 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.258 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDestroy
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.259 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onDetachedFromWindow
    2020-03-10 14:41:25.260 9188-9188/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDetachedFromWindow

**2）**、\*\*android:visibility=“invisible”\*\*不可见时  
**创建**

2020-03-10 14:42:54.333 9649-9649/? D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 1
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.404 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: view Constructors 2
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.404 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onFinishInflate
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.413 9649-9649/? D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 2
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.417 9649-9649/? D/MainActivity=-->: onStart
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.422 9649-9649/? D/MainActivity=-->: onResume
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.480 9649-9649/? D/MainActivity=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.480 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.480 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.480 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.488 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.489 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.511 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.511 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onMeasure
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.511 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onSizeChanged
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.511 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onLayout
    2020-03-10 14:42:54.638 9649-9649/? D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged

**销毁**

2020-03-10 14:43:50.009 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onPause
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.019 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.557 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.578 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onStop
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.579 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.582 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDestroy
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.583 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onDetachedFromWindow
    2020-03-10 14:43:50.584 9649-9649/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDetachedFromWindow

**3）**、**android:visibility="gone"**  
**创建**

2020-03-10 14:45:03.585 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 1
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.620 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: view Constructors 2
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.620 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onFinishInflate
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.621 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onCreate 2
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.623 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onStart
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.626 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onResume
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.647 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.648 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onAttachedToWindow
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.648 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.648 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:45:03.680 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged

**销毁**

2020-03-10 14:45:34.421 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onPause
    2020-03-10 14:45:34.431 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowFocusChanged
    2020-03-10 14:45:34.978 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onWindowVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:45:34.997 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onStop
    2020-03-10 14:45:34.998 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onVisibilityChanged
    2020-03-10 14:45:35.001 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDestroy
    2020-03-10 14:45:35.002 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/CustomView=-->: onDetachedFromWindow
    2020-03-10 14:45:35.003 9921-9921/com.example.testviewlifecycle D/MainActivity=-->: onDetachedFromWindow

**总结**  
1、view的创建过程是调用带有两个参数的构造函数，当然，如果该View不是在layout中定义的话，会调用一个参数的构造函数。  
2、从XMl文件中inflate完成（onFinishInflate()）。  
3、将View加到window中（View是gone的，那么View创建生命周期也就结束）。  
4、测量view的长宽（onMeasure()）。  
5、定位View 在父View中的位置（onLayout()），若View是invisible，则View的创建生命周期结束。  
6、绘制View的content（onDraw()），只有可见的View才在window中绘制。  
7、View的销毁流程和可见性没有关系。

在Activity的onCreate方法中加载View，View的onFinishInflate会被调用，继而Activity的生命周期执行到onResume方法之后View才被附着到窗口上，继而进行绘制工作，onMeasure、onSizeChanged 、onLayout、onDraw。这几个方法可能由于setVisible或onResume被调用多次，最后是Window失去焦点后的销毁阶段。

参考  
[Android显示框架：Android应用视图的载体View][Android_Android_View]

[Android_Android_View]: https://github.com/sucese/android-open-source-project-analysis/blob/master/doc/Android%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E7%AF%87/Android%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6/02Android%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%EF%BC%9AAndroid%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%E8%BD%BD%E4%BD%93View.md